{"id":12699,"date":"2021-03-22T17:21:24","date_gmt":"2021-03-22T22:21:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/last-drum.flywheelsites.com\/?page_id=12699"},"modified":"2026-03-10T12:37:56","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T17:37:56","slug":"references-from-arri-editorials-by-executive-director-stephen-m-edelson-phd","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/autism.org\/references-from-arri-editorials-by-executive-director-stephen-m-edelson-phd\/","title":{"rendered":"References from ARRI Editorials by Executive Director Stephen M. Edelson, PhD"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"ARI\u2019s award-winning quarterly journal, the Autism Research Review International<\/em> (ARRI),<\/a> frequently includes editorials written by ARI’s Executive Director, Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D.\u00a0Below are links to the references of Dr. Edelson’s most recent editorials, including What we breathe matters \u2013 Rethinking air pollution and autism<\/a><\/em>, Invisible threats \u2013 the role of environmental toxins in autism<\/a>,<\/em> Navigating New Territory \u2013 The Growing Focus on Autistic Seniors<\/a>,<\/em> Why Evidence-Based Autism Research Still Matters<\/em>,<\/a> Autism and Dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease<\/em><\/a>, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Autism<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Addressing delays: proactive parent-led interventions during waiting periods,<\/em><\/a>\u00a0Revisiting Two Lesser-Known Teaching Strategies to Enhance Speech Production in Autism,\u00a0<\/em><\/a>and\u00a0Defining Degrees of Autism: The Controversy and a Suggested Solution<\/em><\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n

Learn more about Dr. Edelson<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

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What we breathe matters \u2013 Rethinking air pollution and autism<\/em><\/h3>\n
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  1. Brockmeyer S, D’Angiulli A. How air pollution alters brain development: the role of neuroinflammation. Transl Neurosci<\/em>. 2016 Mar 21;7(1):24\u201330. doi:10.1515\/tnsci-2016-0005.<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Chen G, Jin Z, Li S, Jin X, Tong S, Liu S, Yang Y, Huang H, Guo Y. Early life exposure to particulate matter air pollution (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and autism in Shanghai, China: A case-control study. Environ Int<\/em>. 2018 Dec;121(Pt 2):1121\u20131127. doi:10.1016\/j.envint.2018.10.026<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  3. Cloutier M, Yu C, Talarico R, et al. Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter components and autism risk in childhood. JAMA Netw Open<\/em>. 2025;8(10):e2538882. doi:10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.38882<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  4. Edelson SM. Editorial: Why evidence-based autism research still matters<\/a>. Autism Research Review International<\/em>. 2025a Spring;39(2).<\/li>\n
  5. Edelson SM. Editorial: Invisible threats \u2013 the role of environmental toxins in autism<\/a>. Autism Research Review International<\/em>. 2025b Fall;39(4).<\/li>\n
  6. Flanagan E, Malmqvist E, Rittner R, et al. Exposure to local, source-specific ambient air pollution during pregnancy and autism in children: A cohort study from southern Sweden. Sci Rep<\/em>. 2023;13:3848. doi:10.1038\/s41598-023-30877-5.7<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Goodrich AJ, Kleeman MJ, Tancredi DJ, Lude\u00f1a YJ, Bennett DH, Hertz-Picciotto I, Schmidt RJ. Ultrafine particulate matter exposure during second year of life, but not before, associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in BKMR mixtures model of multiple air pollutants. Environ Res<\/em>. 2024 Feb 1;242:117624. doi:10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117624<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  8. Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. Particulate matter air pollution: Effects on the cardiovascular system. Front Endocrinol<\/em> (Lausanne). 2018 Nov 16;9:680. doi:10.3389\/fendo.2018.00680<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  9. Huang YCT. The role of in vitro gene expression profiling in particulate matter health research. J Toxicol Environ Health <\/em>B. 2013;16(6):381\u2013394. doi:10.1080\/10937404.2013.832649<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  10. Ishihara Y, Tanaka M, Nezu N, Ishihara N, Oguro A, Vogel CFA. Pathways to the brain: Impact of fine particulate matter components on the central nervous system. Antioxidants<\/em>. 2025;14(6):730. doi:10.3390\/antiox14060730<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  11. Jin T, Pang Q, Huang W, Xing D, He Z, Cao Z, Zhang T. Particulate matter 2.5 causally increased genetic risk of autism spectrum disorder. BMC Psychiatry<\/em>. 2024 Feb 16;24(1):129. doi:10.1186\/s12888-024-05564-y<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  12. Jung YS, Aguilera J, Kaushik A, Ha JW, Cansdale S, Yang E, Ahmed R, Lurmann F, Lutzker L, Hammond SK, Balmes J, Noth E, Burt TD, Aghaeepour N, Waldrop AR, Khatri P, Utz PJ, Rosenburg-Hasson Y, DeKruyff R, Maecker HT, Johnson MM, Nadeau KC. Impact of air pollution exposure on cytokines and histone modification profiles at single-cell levels during pregnancy. Sci Adv<\/em>. 2024 Nov 29;10(48):eadp5227. doi:10.1126\/sciadv.adp5227<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  13. Leffel J, Wang C, Hu XM, Feron S, Henry S. Cities as hotspots of compound heat and fine particulate matter pollution: A 23-year urban\u2013rural comparison across the United States. Environ Res<\/em>. 2025;285(3):122508. doi:10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122508<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  14. Li N, Ye H, Zhu H, Liang M, Wang K, Zhao Y, Liu L. Association of prenatal exposure to air pollution with autism spectrum disorder: A population-based retrospective cohort study in China. Environ Res<\/em>. 2026;291:123612. doi:10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123612<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  15. Masi A, Glozier N, Dale R, et al. The immune system, cytokines, and biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder. Neurosci Bull<\/em>. 2017;33:194\u2013204. doi:10.1007\/s12264-017-0103-8<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  16. Oliveira CR, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: A population-based study. Dev Med Child Neurol<\/em>. 2005 Mar;47(3):185\u2013189. doi:10.1017\/s0012162205000332<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  17. Rimland B. Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and Its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior<\/em><\/a>. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1964.<\/li>\n
  18. Volk HE, Lurmann F, Penfold B, Hertz-Picciotto I, McConnell R. Traffic-related air pollution, particulate matter, and autism. JAMA Psychiatry<\/em>. 2013;70(1):71\u201377. doi:10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.266<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  19. Wang X, Lin Y, Ge Y, Craig E, Liu X, Miller RK, Thurston SW, Brunner J, Barrett ES, O’Connor TG, Rich DQ, Zhang JJ. Systemic oxidative stress levels during the course of pregnancy: Associations with exposure to air pollutants. Environ Pollut<\/em>. 2024 Sep 15;357:124463. doi:10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.124463<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Invisible threats \u2013 the role of environmental toxins in autism<\/em><\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. Atlad\u00f3ttir HO, Thorsen P, \u00d8stergaard L, Schendel DE, Lemcke S, Abdallah M, Parner ET. Maternal infection requiring hospitalization during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders<\/a>. J Autism Dev Disord<\/em>. 2010 Dec;40(12):1423-30. doi: 10.1007\/s10803-010-1006-y.<\/li>\n
    2. Ayoub G. Neurodevelopmental impact of maternal immune activation and autoimmune disorders, environmental toxicants and folate metabolism on autism spectrum disorder<\/a>. Curr Issues Mol Biol.<\/em> 2025 Sep;47(9):721. doi:10.3390\/cimb47090721.<\/li>\n
    3. Becerra TA, Wilhelm M, Olsen J, Cockburn M, Ritz B. Ambient air pollution and autism in Los Angeles County, California<\/a>. Environ Health Perspect.<\/em> 2013;121(3):380-6. doi:10.1289\/ehp.1205827.<\/li>\n
    4. Bettelheim B. Joey: A \u2018mechanical boy\u2019<\/a>. Sci Am.<\/em> 1959;200(3):117-126.<\/li>\n
    5. Bilder, D.A., Esplin, M.S., Coon, H. et al. Early Second Trimester Maternal Serum Steroid-Related Biomarkers Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder<\/a>. J Autism Dev Disord<\/em> 49, 4572\u20134583 (2019).<\/li>\n
    6. Croen LA,\u00a0Najjar DV,\u00a0Fireman B,\u00a0Grether JK. Maternal and Paternal Age and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders<\/a>.\u00a0Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med<\/em>.\u00a02007;161(4):334\u2013340. doi:10.1001\/archpedi.161.4.334<\/li>\n
    7. Croen LA, Qian Y, Ashwood P, Zerbo O, Schendel D, Pinto-Martin J, Daniele Fallin M, Levy S, Schieve LA, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Sabourin KR, Ames JL. Infection and Fever in Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development<\/a>. Autism Res<\/em>. 2019 Oct;12(10):1551-1561. doi: 10.1002\/aur.2175.<\/li>\n
    8. Ellul, P., Maruani, A., Vantalon, V.\u00a0et al.\u00a0Maternal immune activation during pregnancy is associated with more difficulties in socio-adaptive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder<\/a>.\u00a0Sci Rep\u00a0<\/em>13, 17687 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-45060-z<\/li>\n
    9. Filardo S, Di Pietro M, Protano C, Antonucci A, Vitali M, Sessa R. Impact of Air Pollution on the Composition and Diversity of Human Gut Microbiota in General and Vulnerable Populations: A Systematic Review<\/a>. Toxics<\/em>. 2022 Sep 30;10(10):579. doi: 10.3390\/toxics10100579.<\/li>\n
    10. Fouladi F, Bailey MJ, Patterson WB, Sioda M, Blakley IC, Fodor AA, Jones RB, Chen Z, Kim JS, Lurmann F, Martino C, Knight R, Gilliland FD, Alderete TL. Air pollution exposure is associated with the gut microbiome as revealed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing<\/a>. Environ Int<\/em>. 2020 May;138:105604. doi: 10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105604.<\/li>\n
    11. Goines PE, Ashwood P. Cytokine dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders (ASD): possible role of the environment<\/a>. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol<\/em>. 2013;36:67-81. doi:10.1016\/j.ntt.2012.07.006.<\/li>\n
    12. Hallmayer J, Cleveland S, Torres A, Phillips J, Cohen B, Torigoe T, Miller J, Fedele A, Collins J, Smith K, Lotspeich L, Croen LA, Ozonoff S, Lajonchere C, Grether JK, Risch N. Genetic heritability and shared environmental factors among twin pairs with autism<\/a>. Arch Gen Psychiatry<\/em>. 2011 Nov;68(11):1095-102. doi: 10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.76.<\/li>\n
    13. Hughes MM, et al. The Prevalence and Characteristics of Children With Profound Autism \u2014 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, United States, 2000-2016<\/a>. Public Health Reports<\/em>. 2023.<\/li>\n
    14. Kang DW, Adams JB, Gregory AC, Borody T, Chittick L, Fasano A, Khoruts A, Geis E, Maldonado J, McDonough-Means S, Pollard EL, Roux S, Sadowsky MJ, Lipson KS, Sullivan MB, Caporaso JG, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Microbiota Transfer Therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study<\/a>. Microbiome<\/em>. 2017 Jan 23;5(1):10. doi: 10.1186\/s40168-016-0225-7.<\/li>\n
    15. Khachadourian, V., Arildskov, E.S., Grove, J.\u00a0et al.\u00a0Familial confounding in the associations between maternal health and autism<\/a>.\u00a0Nat Med<\/em>\u00a031, 996\u20131007 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-03479-5<\/li>\n
    16. Landrigan PJ, Lambertini L, Birnbaum LS. A research strategy to discover the environmental causes of autism and neurodevelopmental disabilities<\/a>. Environ Health Perspect<\/em> [Internet]. 2012 Jul;120(7):a258\u201360.<\/li>\n
    17. Li S, Guo B, Dong K, Huang S, Wu J, Zhou H, Wu K, Han X, Liang X, Pei X, Zuo H, Lin H, Zhao X. Association of long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and its constituents with gut microbiota: evidence from a China cohort<\/a>. Sci Total Environ<\/em>. 2023;884:163577. doi:10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163577.<\/li>\n
    18. Litman A, Sauerwald N, Green Snyder L, Foss-Feig J, Park CY, Hao Y, Dinstein I, Theesfeld CL, Troyanskaya OG. Decomposition of phenotypic heterogeneity in autism reveals underlying genetic programs<\/a>. Nat Genet<\/em>. 2025 Jul 9;57(7):1611\u20131619. doi: 10.1038\/s41588-025-02224-z.<\/li>\n
    19. Liu Y, Wang T, Si B, Du H, Liu Y, Waqas A, Huang S, Zhao G, Chen S, Xu A. Intratracheally instillated diesel PM2.5 significantly altered the structure and composition of indigenous murine gut microbiota<\/a>. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf<\/em>. 2021;210:111903. doi:10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.111903.<\/li>\n
    20. Loewen SM, Chavesa AM, Murray CJ, Traetta ME, Burns SE, Pekarik KH, Tremblay M\u00c8. The Outcomes of Maternal Immune Activation Induced with the Viral Mimetic Poly I:C on Microglia in Exposed Rodent Offspring<\/a>. Dev Neurosci<\/em>. 2023;45(4):191-209. doi: 10.1159\/000530185.<\/li>\n
    21. Lord C, Charman T, Havdahl A, Carbone P, Anagnostou E, Boyd B, Carr T, de Vries PJ, Dissanayake C, Divan G, Freitag CM, Gotelli MM, Kasari C, Knapp M, Mundy P, Plank A, Scahill L, Servili C, Shattuck P, Simonoff E, Singer AT, Slonims V, Wang PP, Ysrraelit MC, Jellett R, Pickles A, Cusack J, Howlin P, Szatmari P, Holbrook A, Toolan C, McCauley JB. The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism<\/a>. Lancet<\/em>. 2022 Jan 15;399(10321):271-334. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01541-5.<\/li>\n
    22. Mihailovich M, Tolina\u010dki M, Sokovi\u0107 Baji\u0107 S, Lestarevic S, Pejovic-Milovancevic M, Goli\u0107 N. The microbiome\u2013genetics axis in autism spectrum disorders: a probiotic perspective<\/a>. Int J Mol Sci<\/em>. 2024;25(22):12407. doi:10.3390\/ijms252212407.<\/li>\n
    23. Naviaux RK. Perspective: Cell danger response Biology-The new science that connects environmental health with mitochondria and the rising tide of chronic illness<\/a>. Mitochondrion<\/em>. 2020 Mar;51:40-45. doi: 10.1016\/j.mito.2019.12.005.<\/li>\n
    24. P2i \u2013 Preconception to Infancy: Innovative program to prevent chronic diseases in children and reduce pregnancy complications and risks<\/a> [Internet]. Accessed 2025 Oct 12.<\/li>\n
    25. Pugsley, K., Scherer, S.W., Bellgrove, M.A.\u00a0et al.\u00a0Environmental exposures associated with elevated risk for autism spectrum disorder may augment the burden of deleterious de novo mutations among probands<\/a>.\u00a0Mol Psychiatry<\/em>\u00a027, 710\u2013730 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-021-01142-w<\/li>\n
    26. Rimland B. Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and Its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior<\/em><\/a>. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1964.<\/li>\n
    27. Rossignol DA, Frye RE. A review of research trends in physiological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders: immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and environmental toxicant exposures<\/a>. Mol Psychiatry<\/em>. 2012;17(4):389\u2013401. doi:10.1038\/mp.2011.165.<\/li>\n
    28. Shelton JF, Geraghty EM, Tancredi DJ, Delwiche LD, Schmidt RJ, Ritz B, Hansen RL, Hertz-Picciotto I. Neurodevelopmental disorders and prenatal residential proximity to agricultural pesticides: the CHARGE study<\/a>. Environ Health Perspect<\/em>. 2014;122(10):1103-1109. doi:10.1289\/ehp.1307044.<\/li>\n
    29. Strati, F., Cavalieri, D., Albanese, D. et al. New evidences on the altered gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders<\/a>. Microbiome<\/em> 5, 24 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-017-0242-1.<\/li>\n
    30. Usui N, Kobayashi H, Shimada S. Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder<\/a>. Int J Mol Sci<\/em>. 2023 Mar 13;24(6):5487. doi: 10.3390\/ijms24065487.<\/li>\n
    31. Vargas DL, Nascimbene C, Krishnan C, Zimmerman AW, Pardo CA. Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism<\/a>. Ann Neurol<\/em>. 2005 Jan;57(1):67-81. doi: 10.1002\/ana.20315. Erratum in: Ann Neurol<\/em>. 2005 Feb;57(2):304.<\/li>\n
    32. Volk HE, Hertz-Picciotto I, Delwiche L, Lurmann F, McConnell R. Residential proximity to freeways and autism in the CHARGE study<\/a>. Environ Health Perspect<\/em>. 2011 Jun;119(6):873-7. doi: 10.1289\/ehp.1002835.<\/li>\n
    33. von Ehrenstein OS, Ling C, Cui X, Cockburn M, Park AS, Yu F, Wu J, Ritz B. Prenatal and infant exposure to ambient pesticides and autism spectrum disorder in children: population based case-control study<\/a>. BMJ<\/em>. 2019;364:l962. doi:10.1136\/bmj.l962.<\/li>\n
    34. Woods RM, Lorusso JM, Fletcher J, ElTaher H, McEwan F, Harris I, Kowash HM, D’Souza SW, Harte M, Hager R, Glazier JD. Maternal immune activation and role of placenta in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders<\/a>. Neuronal Signal<\/em>. 2023 May 31;7(2):NS20220064. doi: 10.1042\/NS20220064.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Navigating New Territory \u2013 The Growing Focus on Autistic Seniors<\/em><\/h3>\n

      1. Edelson, S.M., Nicholas, D.B., Stoddart, K.P. et al. Strategies for Research, Practice, and Policy for Autism in Later Life: A Report from a Think Tank on Aging and Autism. J Autism Dev Disord<\/em> 51, 382\u2013390 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04514-3<\/a><\/p>\n

      2. Nicholas, D.B., Shafai, F., Edelson, S.M. et al. Advancing care priorities for health and quality of life among older adults in the autism and\/or intellectual disabilities communities: proceedings of an international Think Tank. BMC Proc 19<\/em> (Suppl 11), 15 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12919-025-00330-8<\/a><\/p>\n

      3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Autism Coordinator. 2017 report to Congress: young adults and transitioning youth with autism spectrum disorder. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2017. Available from: https:\/\/asd.hhs.gov\/resources\/reports-to-congress<\/a><\/p>\n

      Why Evidence-Based Autism Research Still Matters<\/em><\/h3>\n

      1. A.J. Drexel Autism Institute. Autism and identity: moving beyond the puzzle piece symbol<\/a> [Internet]. Philadelphia (PA): Drexel University; 2023 Jun [cited 2025 May 14].<\/p>\n

      2. Ahmed J. Children left seriously ill after parents follow influencer\u2019s advice to \u2018cure\u2019 autism with bleach<\/a>. The Independent<\/em> [Internet]. 2025 Jun 2 [cited 2025 Jun 2].<\/p>\n

      3. Autism Research Institute (2015). Warning against chlorine dioxide use.<\/a> 2015 [cited 2025 May 14].<\/p>\n

      4. Boyle P. Why do so many Americans distrust science?<\/a> AAMCNews<\/em>. 2022 May 4.<\/p>\n

      5. Brown JT, Wolf L. Neurodiversity and college: a parent’s guide for autistic students. 2nd ed. Arlington (TX): Future Horizons, Inc.; 2025.
      \n      Can people be persuaded not to believe disinformation?<\/a> The Economist<\/em>. 2025 Mar 19.<\/p>\n

      6. Como DH, Goodfellow M, Hudak D, Cermak SA. “A scoping review: Social stories supporting behavior change for individuals with Autism”<\/a>. J Occup Ther Sch Early Interv<\/em>. 2024;17(1):154-175. doi: 10.1080\/19411243.2023.2168824.<\/p>\n

      7. Edelson SM. Understanding challenging behaviors in autism spectrum disorder: a multi-component, interdisciplinary model<\/a>. J Pers Med<\/em>. 2022;12:1127.<\/p>\n

      8. Godlee F, Smith J, Marcovitch H. Wakefield’s article linking MMR vaccine and autism was fraudulent.<\/a> BMJ<\/em>. 2011 Jan 5;342:c7452.<\/p>\n

      9. Haar, T., Brownlow, C., Hall, G., Heyworth, M., Lawson, W., Poulsen, R., Reinisch, T., & Pellicano, E. (2024). \u2018We have so much to offer\u2019: Community members\u2019 perspectives on autism research.<\/a> Autism<\/em>, 0(0).<\/p>\n

      10. Hare J. Autism is not a disease: the politics of neurodiversity.<\/em><\/a> London: Verso; 2024.<\/p>\n

      11. Jin F, Wang Z. Mapping the structure of biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: a review of the most influential studies<\/a>. Front Neurosci<\/em>. 2024;18:1514678.<\/p>\n

      12. Khachadourian V, Mahjani B, Sandin S, Kolevzon A, Buxbaum JD, Reichenberg A, Janecka M. Comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder and their etiologies<\/a>. Transl Psychiatry<\/em>. 2023 Feb 25;13(1):71.<\/p>\n

      13. Kozlov M, Mallapaty S. Exclusive: NIH to terminate hundreds of active research grants.<\/a> Nature<\/em>. 2025 Mar 6;639(8053):281\u20132.<\/p>\n

      14. Mahler KJ. Interoception: the eighth sensory system.<\/a><\/em> Overland Park (KS): AAPC Publishing; 2015.<\/p>\n

      15. Muskens JB, Velders FP, Staal WG. Medical comorbidities in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders: a systematic review.<\/a> Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry.<\/em> 2017 Sep;26(9):1093-1103. .<\/p>\n

      16. Ortiz Rubio A, de Mar\u00eda Romero Ayuso DN, Torres S\u00e1nchez I, Cabrera Martos I, Rodr\u00edguez Torres J, L\u00f3pez L\u00f3pez L, Valenza MC. Pain Experiences of People Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies<\/a>. Am J Occup Ther<\/em>. 2023 Mar 1;77(2):7702185020.<\/p>\n

      17. Rimland B. Infantile autism: The syndrome and its implications for a neural theory of behavior.<\/a><\/em> New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1964.<\/p>\n

      18. Rodriguez G, Drastal K, Hartley SL. Cross-lagged model of bullying victimization and mental health problems in children with autism in middle to older childhood.<\/a> Autism.<\/em> 2021 Jan;25(1):90-101.<\/p>\n

      19. Santos PA, Bordini D, Scattolin M, Asevedo GRDC, Caetano SC, et al. The Impact of the Implementation of the Picture Exchange Communication System – PECS on Understanding Instructions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.<\/a> Codas<\/em>. 2021 May 5;33(2):e20200041. Portuguese, English.<\/p>\n

      20. Sterrett K, Holbrook A, Landa R, Kaiser A, Kasari C. The effect of responsiveness to speech-generating device input on spoken language in children with autism spectrum disorder who are minimally verbal<\/a>\u2020. Augment Altern Commun.<\/em> 2023 Mar;39(1):23-32.<\/p>\n

      21. Thayer L. Truth, lies, and the consequences of science denial.<\/a> Observer<\/em>. 2023 Apr 20.<\/p>\n

      22. Tuffy Y. The mechanics and determinants of anti-science attitudes: a literature review<\/a> [Internet]. 2023.<\/p>\n

      23. Yap CX, Henders AK, Alvares GA, Wood DLA, Krause L, et al. Autism-related dietary preferences mediate autism-gut microbiome associations.<\/a> Cell<\/em>. 2021 Nov 24;184(24):5916-5931.e17.<\/p>\n

      Autism and Dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease<\/em><\/h3>\n

      This editorial, written by Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D., originally appeared in Autism Research Review International<\/em><\/a>, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2025. Read Autism and Dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

      1. Barnard-Brak L, Richman D, Yang Z. Age at death and comorbidity of dementia-related disorders among individuals with autism spectrum disorder<\/a>. Adv Autism<\/em>. 2019;5(3):103\u2013115. doi:10.1108\/AIA-02-2019-0007.<\/p>\n

      2. Burke JP, Jain A, Yang W, Kelly JP, Kaiser M, Becker L, Lawer L, Newschaffer CJ. Does a claims diagnosis of autism mean a true case?<\/a> Autism<\/em>. 2014 Apr;18(3):321-30. doi: 10.1177\/1362361312467709.<\/p>\n

      3. Gallagher M, Koh MT. Episodic memory on the path to Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/a> Curr Opin Neurobiol.<\/em> 2011;21(6):929-934. doi:10.1016\/j.conb.2011.10.021.<\/p>\n

      4. Geurts HM, Vissers ME. Elderly with autism: executive functions and memory.<\/a> J Autism Dev Disord<\/em>. 2012 May;42(5):665-75. doi: 10.1007\/s10803-011-1291-0.<\/p>\n

      5. Griffin JW, Bauer R, Gavett BE. The episodic memory profile in autism spectrum disorder: a Bayesian meta-analysis.<\/a> Neuropsychol Rev.<\/em> 2022;32:316-351. doi:10.1007\/s11065-021-09493-5.<\/p>\n

      6. Kawas CH, Corrada MM, Brookmeyer R, Morrison A, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Arenberg D. Visual memory predicts Alzheimer\u2019s disease more than a decade before diagnosis.<\/a> Neurology.<\/em> 2003;60(7):1089-1093. doi:10.1212\/01.WNL.0000055813.36504.BF.<\/p>\n

      7. Khan SA, Khan SA, Narendra AR, Mushtaq G, Zahran SA, Khan S, Kamal MA. Alzheimer’s Disease and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Is there any Association?<\/a> CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets<\/em>. 2016;15(4):390-402. doi: 10.2174\/1871527315666160321104303.<\/p>\n

      8. Klein CB, McQuaid GA, Charlton RA, Klinger LG, Wallace GL. Self-reported cognitive decline among middle and older age autistic adults.<\/a> Autism Res<\/em>. 2023 Mar;16(3):605-616. doi: 10.1002\/aur.2877.<\/p>\n

      9. Malishkevich A, Amram N, Hacohen-Kleiman G, Magen I, Giladi E, Gozes I. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) exhibits striking sexual dichotomy impacting on autistic and Alzheimer\u2019s pathologies.<\/a> Transl Psychiatry<\/em>. 2015;5(2):e501. doi:10.1038\/tp.2014.138<\/p>\n

      10. McCarthy EP, Chang CH, Tilton N, Kabeto MU, Langa KM, Bynum JPW. Validation of Claims Algorithms to Identify Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias.<\/a> J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.<\/em> 2022 Jun 1;77(6):1261-1271. doi: 10.1093\/gerona\/glab373.<\/p>\n

      11. Natowicz MR, Bauman ML, Edelson SM. A most important gift: the critical role of postmortem brain tissue in autism science.<\/a> Front Neurol<\/em>. 2024 Dec 10;15:1486227. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1486227<\/a><\/p>\n

      12. Oberman LM, Pascual-Leone A. Hyperplasticity in Autism Spectrum Disorder confers protection from Alzheimer’s disease.<\/a> Med Hypotheses<\/em>. 2014 Sep;83(3):337-42. doi: 10.1016\/j.mehy.2014.06.008.<\/p>\n

      13. Rhodus EK, Barber J, Abner EL, Bardach SH, Gibson A, Jicha GA. Comparison of behaviors characteristic of autism spectrum disorder behaviors and behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia<\/a>. Aging Ment Health<\/em>. 2020a;26(3):586\u2013594. doi:10.1080\/13607863.2020.1849025.<\/p>\n

      14. Rhodus EK, Barber J, Abner EL, Duff DMC, Bardach SH, Caban-Holt A, Lightner D, Rowles GD, Schmitt FA, Jicha GA. Behaviors characteristic of autism spectrum disorder in a geriatric cohort with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia.<\/a> Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord<\/em>. 2020b;34(1):66\u201371. doi:10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000345.<\/p>\n

      15. Rhodus EK, Barber J, Kryscio RJ, Abner EL, Bahrani AA, Lewis KES, Carey B, Nelson PT, Van Eldik LJ, Jicha GA. Frontotemporal neurofibrillary tangles and cerebrovascular lesions are associated with autism spectrum behaviors in late-life dementia.<\/a> J Neurol<\/em>. 2022 Sep;269(9):5105-5113. doi: 10.1007\/s00415-022-11167-y.<\/p>\n

      16. Torenvliet C, Groenman AP, Radhoe TA, Agelink van Rentergem JA, Van der Putten WJ, Geurts HM. Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study<\/a>. Autism Res<\/em>. 2022 Mar;15(3):507-518. doi: 10.1002\/aur.2650.<\/p>\n

      17. Torenvliet C, Groenman AP, Radhoe TA, Agelink van Rentergem JA, Van der Putten WJ, Geurts HM. A longitudinal study on cognitive aging in autism.<\/a> Psychiatry Res.<\/em> 2023 Mar;321:115063. doi: 10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115063.<\/p>\n

      18. Vivanti G, Lee W, Ventimiglia J, Tao S, Lyall K, Shea LL. Prevalence of Dementia Among US Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.<\/a> JAMA Netw Open.<\/em> 2025;8(1):e2453691. doi:10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.53691.<\/p>\n

      19. Vivanti\u00a0 G, Tao\u00a0 S, Lyall\u00a0 K, Robins\u00a0 DL, Shea\u00a0 LL.\u00a0 The prevalence and incidence of early-onset dementia among adults with autism spectrum disorder.<\/a>\u00a0Autism Res<\/em>. 2021;14(10):2189-2199. doi:10.1002\/aur.2590<\/a><\/p>\n

      <\/h3>\n

      Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Autism<\/em><\/h3>\n

      This editorial, written by Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D., originally appeared in Autism Research Review International<\/em><\/a>, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2024. Read Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Autism<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

      1 . Buie T, Campbell DB, Fuchs GJ 3rd, Furuta GT, Levy J, et al. Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with ASDs: a consensus report<\/a>. Pediatrics<\/em>. 2010 Jan;125 Suppl 1:S1-18. doi: 10.1542\/peds.2009-1878C.<\/p>\n

      2. Holingue C, Newill C, Lee LC, Pasricha PJ, Daniele Fallin M. Gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder: A review of the literature on ascertainment and prevalence.<\/a> Autism Res<\/em>. 2018 Jan;11(1):24-36. doi: 10.1002\/aur.1854.<\/p>\n

      3. Barko PC, McMichael MA, Swanson KS, Williams DA. The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review<\/a>. J Vet Intern Med.<\/em> 2018 Jan;32(1):9-25. doi: 10.1111\/jvim.14875.<\/p>\n

      4. Iglesias-V\u00e1zquez L, Van Ginkel Riba G, Arija V, Canals J. Composition of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis<\/a>. Nutrients<\/em>. 2020 Mar 17;12(3):792. doi: 10.3390\/nu12030792.<\/p>\n

      5. Leader G, Abberton C, Cunningham S, Gilmartin K, Grudzien M, Higgins E, Joshi L, Whelan S, Mannion A. Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.<\/a> Nutrients<\/em>. 2022 Apr 1;14(7):1471. doi: 10.3390\/nu14071471.<\/p>\n

      6. Gupta K, Tappiti M, Nazir AM, Koganti B, Memon MS, et al. Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infections: A Systematic Review.<\/a> Cureus<\/em>. 2022 May 5;14(5):e24754. doi: 10.7759\/cureus.24754.<\/p>\n

      7. Kang GU, Park S, Jung Y, Jee JJ, Kim MS, et al. Exploration of Potential Gut Microbiota-Derived Biomarkers to Predict the Success of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort in Korea.<\/a> Gut Liver<\/em>. 2022 Sep 15;16(5):775-785. doi: 10.5009\/gnl210369.<\/p>\n

      8. Davidovics ZH, Michail S, Nicholson MR, Kociolek LK, Pai N, et al. FMT Special Interest Group of the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology, Nutrition, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology, Nutrition. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridium difficile<\/em> Infection and Other Conditions in Children: A Joint Position Paper From the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.<\/a> J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr<\/em>. 2019 Jan;68(1):130-143. doi: 10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002205.<\/p>\n

      9. Borody, T.J., Paramsothy, S. & Agrawal, G. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Indications, Methods, Evidence, and Future Directions<\/a>. Curr Gastroenterol Rep<\/em> 15, 337 (2013). doi: 10.1007\/s11894-013-0337-1.<\/p>\n

      10. Kim KO, Gluck M. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: An Update on Clinical Practice<\/a>. Clin Endosc<\/em>. 2019 Mar;52(2):137-143. doi: 10.5946\/ce.2019.009<\/p>\n

      11. American Gastroenterological Association. New Intestinal Microbiota Transplant Guideline Open for Public Comment<\/a>. Published on October 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2024<\/p>\n

      12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Important Safety Alert Regarding Use of Fecal Microbiota for Transplantation and Risk of Serious Adverse Reactions Due to Transmission of Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms. Published on June 13, 2019. Retrieved January 20, 2024 from<\/p>\n

      13. DeFilipp Z, Bloom PP, Torres Soto M, Mansour MK, Sater MRA, Huntley MH, Turbett S, Chung RT, Chen YB, Hohmann EL. Drug-Resistant E. coli<\/em> Bacteremia Transmitted by Fecal Microbiota Transplant. N Engl J Med.<\/em> 2019 Nov 21;381(21):2043-2050. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa1910437.<\/p>\n

      14. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Fecal Microbiota for Transplantation: Safety Alert – Risk of Serious Adverse Events Likely Due to Transmission of Pathogenic Organisms<\/a>. Published on April 7, 2020 (Update Post). Retrieved January 20, 2024<\/p>\n

      15. OpenBiome<\/a>. Retrieved January 20, 2024<\/p>\n

      16. Rapoport EA, Baig M, Puli SR. Adverse events in fecal microbiota transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis<\/a>. Ann Gastroenterol<\/em>. 2022 Mar-Apr;35(2):150-163. doi: 10.20524\/aog.2022.0695.<\/p>\n

      17. FDA Approves First Fecal Microbiota Product<\/a>. Retrieved January 20, 2024<\/p>\n

      18. FDA Approves First Orally Administered Fecal Microbiota Product for the Prevention of Recurrence of Clostridioides difficile<\/em> Infection<\/a>. Retrieved January 20, 2024<\/p>\n

      19. Kelly CR, Kim AM, Laine L, Wu GD. The AGA’s Fecal Microbiota Transplantation National Registry: An Important Step Toward Understanding Risks and Benefits of Microbiota Therapeutics<\/a>. Gastroenterology<\/em>. 2017 Mar;152(4):681-684. doi: 10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.028.<\/p>\n

      20. Kang DW, Adams JB, Gregory AC, et al. Microbiota transfer therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study<\/a>. Microbiome<\/em>. 2017;5:10. doi: 10.1186\/s40168-016-0225-768.<\/p>\n

      21. Kang DW, Adams JB, Vargason T, Santiago M, Hahn J, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Distinct fecal and plasma metabolites in children with autism spectrum disorders and their modulation after microbiota transfer therapy<\/a>. mSphere<\/em>. 2020;5. doi: 10.1128\/mSphere.00314-20<\/p>\n

      22. Kang DW, Adams JB, Coleman DM, et al. Long-term benefit of microbiota transfer therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota<\/a>. Sci Rep<\/em>. 2019;9:5821. doi: 10.1038\/s41598-019-42183-0.<\/p>\n

      23. Li N, Chen H, Cheng Y, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation relieves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms by improving the gut microbiota in an open-label study<\/a>. Front Cell Infect Microbiol<\/em>. 2021;11:759435. doi: 10.3389\/fcimb.2021.759435<\/p>\n

      24.\u00a0 Ye C, Chen QY, Ma XQ, Lv P, Yang HL, et al. [Long-term outcomes of 328 patients with of autism spectrum disorder after fecal microbiota transplantation]<\/a>. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi<\/em>. 2022 Sep 25;25(9):798-803. Chinese. doi: 10.3760\/cma.j.cn441530-20220601-00238<\/p>\n

      25. Chen Y, Xueying Z, Jiaqu C, et al. FTACMT study protocol: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of faecal microbiota transplantation for autism spectrum disorder<\/a>. BMJ Open<\/em>. 2022;12:e051613. doi: 10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051613<\/p>\n

      26. Frisbee AL, Petri WA Jr. Considering the Immune System during Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridioides difficile<\/em> Infection.<\/a> Trends Mol Med<\/em>. 2020 May;26(5):496-507. doi: 10.1016\/j.molmed.2020.01.009.<\/p>\n

      27 . Rose DR, Yang H, Serena G, Sturgeon C, Ma B, et al. Differential immune responses and microbiota profiles in children with autism spectrum disorders and co-morbid gastrointestinal symptoms<\/a>. Brain Behav Immun<\/em>. 2018 May;70:354-368. doi: 10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.03.025.<\/p>\n

      <\/h3>\n

      Addressing delays: proactive parent-led interventions during waiting periods<\/em><\/h3>\n

      This editorial, written by Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D., originally appeared in Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a>Vol. 37, No. 4, 2023. <\/em>Read Addressing delays: proactive parent-led interventions during waiting periods<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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      3. Smith-Young, J., Chafe, R., Audas, R. \u201cManaging the Wait:\u201d Parents\u2019 experiences in accessing diagnostic and treatment services for children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder<\/a>. Health Serv Insights<\/em>, 2020, 27, 13:1178632920902141. doi:10.1177\/1178632920902141.<\/li>\n
      4. Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., Donaldson, A., Varley J. Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: the Early Start Denver Model<\/a>. Pediatrics<\/em>. 2010, 125(1), 17-23. doi: 10.1542\/peds.2009-0958.<\/li>\n
      5. Guthrie, W., Wetherby, A.M., Woods, J., Schatschneider, C., Holland, R.D., Morgan, L., Lord, C.E. The earlier the better: An RCT of treatment timing effects for toddlers on the autism spectrum<\/a>. Autism<\/em>, 2023, 13623613231159153. doi: 10.1177\/13623613231159153.<\/li>\n
      6. Schj\u00f8lberg, S., Shic, F., Volkmar, F.R., Nordahl-Hansen, A., Stenberg, N., Torske, T., Larsen, K., Riley, K., Sukhodolsky, D.G., Leckman, J.F., Chawarska, K., \u00d8ien, R.A. What are we optimizing for in autism screening? Examination of algorithmic changes in the M-CHAT<\/a>. Autism Res<\/em>, 2022, 15(2), 296-304. doi:10.1002\/aur.2643.<\/li>\n
      7. Autism Speaks. M-CHAT-R (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Revised)<\/a>. Assessed August 20, 2023<\/li>\n
      8. ASDetect.<\/a> Accessed December 4, 2023<\/li>\n
      9. Gwynette, M.F., Sidhu, S.S., Ceranoglu, T.A. Electronic screen media use in youth with autism spectrum disorder<\/a>. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am<\/em>, 2018, 27(2), 203-219. doi:10.1016\/j.chc.2017.11.013.<\/li>\n
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      11. Vismara, L.A., Rogers, S.J. Behavioral treatments in autism spectrum disorder: What do we know?<\/a> Annu Rev Clin Psychol<\/em>, 2010, 6, 447-468. doi:10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131151.<\/li>\n
      12. Lovaas, O. I. Teaching Developmentally Disabled Children: The ME Book<\/em><\/a>. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed, 1981.<\/li>\n
      13. Lovaas, O. I. Teaching Individuals with Developmental Delays: Basic Intervention Techniques<\/a><\/em>. Pro-Ed, 2003.<\/li>\n
      14. Leaf, R., and McEachin, J. A Work in Progress: Behavior Management Strategies & A Curriculum for Intensive Behavioral Treatment of Autism<\/em><\/a>. New York: DRL Books, 1999.<\/li>\n
      15. Green, J., Pickles, A., Pasco, G., Bedford, R., Wan, M.W., Elsabbagh, M., Slonims, V., Gliga, T., Jones, E., Cheung, C., Charman, T., Johnson, M. (2017), Randomised trial of a parent-mediated intervention for infants at high risk for autism: longitudinal outcomes to age 3 years.<\/a> J Child Psychol Psychiatr<\/em>, 2017, 58, 1330 -1340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12728.<\/li>\n
      16. Whitehouse, A.J.O., Varcin, K.J., Pillar, S., Billingham, W., Alvares, G.A. et al. Effect of preemptive intervention on developmental outcomes among infants showing early signs of autism<\/a>. JAMA Pediatr<\/em>, 2021, 175(11), e213298. doi:10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.3298.<\/li>\n
      17. Ray, T. C., King, L. J., Grandin, T. The effectiveness of self-initiated vestibular stimulation in producing speech sounds in an autistic child<\/a>. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research<\/em>, 1988, 8(3), 186\u2013190.<\/li>\n
      18. Magrun, W.M., Ottenbacher, K., McCue, S., Keefe, R. Effects of vestibular stimulation on spontaneous use of verbal language in developmentally delayed children.<\/a> Am J Occup Ther<\/em>, 1981, 35(2), 101-4.<\/li>\n
      19. Mari\u00ebn, P., Ackermann, H., Adamaszek, M., Barwood, H.S.C., Beaton, A., Ziegler, W. Consensus paper: Language and the cerebellum: An ongoing enigma.<\/a> Cerebellum<\/em>, 2014, 13, 386\u2013410. doi: 10.1007\/s12311-013-0540-5.<\/li>\n
      20. Zhang B., Liang, S., Chen, J., Chen, L., Chen, W., Tu, S., Hu, L., Jin, H., Chu, L. Effectiveness of peer-mediated intervention on social skills for children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled trial<\/a>. Transl Pediatr<\/em>, 2022, 11(5), 663-675. doi: 10.21037\/tp-22-110.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Revisiting Two Lesser-Known Teaching Strategies to Enhance Speech Production in Autism<\/em><\/h3>\n

        This editorial, written by Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D., originally appeared in Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a>Vol. 37, No. 3, 2023. Read Revisiting Two Lesser-Known Teaching Strategies to Enhance Speech Production in Autism<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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        2. Rimland, B. Infantile autism: The syndrome and its implications for a neural theory of behavior.<\/a><\/em> Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1964<\/li>\n
        3. Grandin, T. Thinking in pictures: And other reports from my life with autism<\/em><\/a> (2nd<\/sup> edition). New York: Vintage Books, 2006<\/li>\n
        4. Cheng, L.; Zhan, L.; Huang, L.; Zhang H.; Sun, J.; Huang, G.; Wang, Y.; Li, M.; Li, H.; Gao, Y.; Jia, X. The atypical functional connectivity of Broca’s area at multiple frequency bands in autism spectrum disorder<\/a>. Brain Imaging Behav<\/em>, 2022, 16(6),<\/em> 2627-2636.<\/li>\n
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        11. Bondy, A.; Frost, L. The picture exchange communication system. Focus on Autistic Behavior<\/em><\/a>, 1994, 9<\/em>, 1\u201319.<\/li>\n
        12. Tincani, M. (2004). Comparing the Picture Exchange Communication System and sign language training for children with autism.<\/a>\u00a0Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities<\/em>,\u00a02004, 19<\/em>(3), 152\u2013163.\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10883576040190030301<\/li>\n
        13. McCleery, J.P.; Elliott, N.A.; Sampanis, D.S.; Stefanidou, C.A. Motor development and motor resonance difficulties in autism: relevance to early intervention for language and communication skills.<\/a> Front Integr Neurosci<\/em>, 2013, 7<\/em>.<\/li>\n
        14. Bonvillian, J.D.; Nelson, K,E,; Rhyne, J. M. Sign language and autism.<\/a> J Autism Dev Disord<\/em>, 1981, 11(1)<\/em>, 125-37.<\/li>\n
        15. Emmorey, K.; Mehta, S.; Grabowski, T. J. The neural correlates of sign versus word production.<\/a> NeuroImage<\/em>, 2007, 36(1),<\/em> 202-208.<\/li>\n
        16. Emmorey, K.; Xu, J.; Gannon, P.; Goldin-Meadow, S.; Braun, A. CNS activation and regional connectivity during pantomime observation: no engagement of the mirror neuron system for deaf signers.<\/a> NeuroImage<\/em>, 2010, 49(1),<\/em> 994-1005.<\/li>\n
        17. MacSweeney, M.; Waters, D.; Brammer, M. J.; Woll, B.; Goswami, U. Phonological processing in deaf signers and the impact of age of first language acquisition.<\/a> NeuroImage<\/em>, 2008, 40(3),<\/em> 1369-1379.<\/li>\n
        18. Buday, E.M. (1995). The effects of signed and spoken words taught with music on sign and speech imitation by children with autism<\/a>. Journal of Music Therapy, <\/em>1995,<\/em> 32<\/em>, 189-202.<\/li>\n
        19. Wan, C.Y.; Schlaug, G. Neural pathways for language in autism: The potential for music-based treatments.<\/a> Future Neurol<\/em>, 2010, 5(6),<\/em> 797-805. doi: 10.2217\/fnl.10.55.<\/li>\n
        20. Ray, T. C.; King, L. J.; Grandin, T. The effectiveness of self-initiated vestibular stimulation in producing speech sounds in an autistic child.<\/a> Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, <\/em>1988, 8<\/em>(3), 186\u2013190.<\/li>\n
        21. Magrun, W.M.; Ottenbacher, K.; McCue, S; Keefe, R. Effects of vestibular stimulation on spontaneous use of verbal language in developmentally delayed children.<\/a> Am J Occup Ther<\/em>, 1981, 35(2),<\/em> 101-4.<\/li>\n
        22. Bigelow, R.T.; Agrawal, Y. Vestibular involvement in cognition: Visuospatial ability, attention, executive function, and memory.<\/a> Journal of Vestibular Research<\/em>, 2015, 25(2)<\/em>, 73-89.<\/li>\n
        23. Barmack, N.H. Central vestibular system: vestibular nuclei and posterior cerebellum.<\/a> Brain Research Bulletin<\/em>, 2003, 60(5\/6),<\/em> 511-541.<\/li>\n
        24. Fatemi, H.S.; Aldiner, A.K.; Ashwood, P.; Bauman, L.M.; Blaha, D.C.; Blatt, J.G., et al. Consensus paper: Pathological role of the cerebellum in autism.<\/a> Cerebellum<\/em>, 2012, 11<\/em>, 777\u2013807.<\/li>\n
        25. Mari\u00ebn, P.; Ackermann, H.; Adamaszek, M.; Barwood, H.S.C.; Beaton, A.; Ziegler, W. Consensus paper: Language and the cerebellum: An ongoing enigma.<\/a> Cerebellum<\/em>, 2014, 13, 386\u2013410.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
          <\/div>
          <\/div>
          <\/div>

          Introducing the National Autism History Museum, Part I: Highlighting Bernard Rimland\u2019s Vision and Contributions to the Autism Field<\/em><\/h3>\n

          This editorial, written by Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D., originally appeared in Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a>Vol. 37, No. 1, 2023. <\/em>Read Introducing the National Autism History Museum, Part I: Highlighting Bernard Rimland\u2019s Vision and Contributions to the Autism Field.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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          5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2nd ed<\/a>.<\/em>; Washington, DC, 1968.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          6. Rimland, B. Inside the mind of the<\/span><\/span>\u202fautistic savant. Psychology Today<\/em>.<\/a> <\/span><\/span>August,<\/span><\/span>\u202f1978,<\/span><\/span>\u202f68\u201380.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          7. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed.<\/em><\/a>; Washington, DC, 2013.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
            <\/div>
            <\/div>
            <\/div>

            Treating autism with contingent electric shock: Are all possible options really considered?<\/em><\/h3>\n

            This editorial, written by Stephen M. Edelson, PhD, originally appeared in Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a>Vol. 36, No. 4, 2022.\u00a0<\/em>Read Treating autism with contingent electric shock: Are all possible options really considered?<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Winton, A.S.W.; Singh, N.N.; Dawson, M.J. Effects of facial screening and blindfold on self-injurious behavior<\/a>. Applied Research in Mental Retardation<\/em>, 1984, 5, 29\u201342.<\/li>\n
            2. Linscheid, T.R.; Iwata, B.A.; Ricketts, R.W.; Williams, D.E.; Griffin, J.C. Clinical evaluation of the self-injurious behavior inhibiting system (SIBIS).<\/a> Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis<\/em>, 1990, 23, 53\u201378.<\/li>\n
            3. Baumeister, A.A.; Baumeister, A.A. Suppression of repetitive self-injurious behavior by contingent inhalation of aromatic ammonia.<\/a> Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizohrenia<\/em>, 1978, 8, 71\u201377.<\/li>\n
            4. Elkins, R.L.; Richards, T.L.; Nielsen, R.; Repass, R.; Stahlbrandt, H.; Hoffman, H.G. The Neurobiological Mechanism of Chemical Aversion (Emetic) Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: An fMRI Study<\/a>. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience<\/em>, 2017, 11, 182.<\/li>\n
            5. Hajek, P.; Stead, L.F. Aversive smoking for smoking cessation.<\/a> Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews<\/em>, 2004, 2001(3).<\/li>\n
            6. Barker, J.C.; Miller, M. Aversion therapy for compulsive gambling.<\/a> The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease<\/em>, 1968, 146(4), 295-302.<\/li>\n
            7. Setty, G. Federal appeals court vacates FDA rule banning electric shock devices to treat self-harming behavior.<\/a> CNN 2021.<\/li>\n
            8. Gonzalez-Romero, M.F.; Avina-Galindo, A.M.; Elbe, D., Friedlander, R.; Vila-Rodriguez, F. Lifesaving electroconvulsvive therapy for a child with autism spectrum disorder, severe self-injurious behavior, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome<\/a>. Journal of Convulsive Therap<\/em>y, 2019, 35(4), e55-e56.<\/li>\n
            9. . Withane, N.; Dhossche, D.M. Electroconvulsive treatment for catatonia in autism spectrum disorders.<\/a> Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America<\/em>, 2019, 28(1), 101-110.<\/li>\n
            10. Yu, G. FDA bans electric shock devices used on people with developmental disabilities.<\/a> CNN 2020.<\/li>\n
            11. Eastgate, J. UN demands child electroshock torture investigation in NZ; FDA fails to ban it in US.<\/a> Citizens Commission on Human Rights International 2020.<\/li>\n
            12. Salvy, S.; Mulick, J.; Butter, E.; Bartlett, R.K.; Linscheid, T.R. Contingent electric shock (SIBIS) and a conditioned punisher eliminate severe head banging in a preschool child<\/a>. Behavioral Interventions<\/em>, 2004, 19, 59\u201372.<\/li>\n
            13. Edelson, S.M. Introduction. In Understanding and treating self-injurious behavior in autism<\/em><\/a>; Edelson, S.M.; Johnson, J.B., Eds.; Jessica Kingsley Publishers: London, UK, 2016; pp. 11-17.<\/li>\n
            14. Editorial Board. To stop a controversial electric shock therapy, the disability community is owed better alternatives.<\/a> Boston Globe<\/em> 2021.<\/li>\n
            15. Coleman, M. Clinical presentation of patients with autism and hypocalcinuria<\/a>. Developmental Brain Dysfunction<\/em>, 1994, 7, 63-70.<\/li>\n
            16. Hessen, M.; Akpek, E.K. Dry eye: An inflammatory ocular disease.<\/a> Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research<\/em>, 2014, 9(2), 240-250.<\/li>\n
            17. Patil, P.M.; Balwir, D.; Khune, A.; Dhewale, S. Dry eye and its relationship with status of serum calcium in the body at a tertiary care institute: A case control study.<\/a> MVP Journal of Medical Sciences<\/em>, 2018, 5(1), 82-86.<\/li>\n
            18. Neuhaus, E.; Bernier, R.A.; Tham, S.W.; Webb, S.J. Gastrointestinal and psychiatric symptoms among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.<\/a> Frontiers in Psychiatry<\/em>, 2018, 9, 515.<\/li>\n
            19. Jyonouchi, H. Self-injurious behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder: Impact of allergic diseases. In Understanding and treating self-injurious behavior in autism<\/em><\/a>; Edelson, S.M.; Johnson, J.B., Eds.; London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2016, pp. 91-108.<\/li>\n
            20. Coleman, M. Targeted medical therapies and self-injury. In Understanding and treating self-injurious behavior in autism<\/em><\/a>; Edelson, S.M.; Johnson, J.B., Eds.; London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2016, pp. 18-26.<\/li>\n
            21. Casanova, M.F.; Casanova, E.L. Self-injurious behavior: Aggression and Epilepsy in autism spectrum disorder. In Understanding and treating self-injurious behavior in autism<\/em><\/a>; Edelson, S.M.; Johnson, J.B., Eds.; London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2016, pp. 38-54<\/li>\n
            22. Miller, L.J.; Misher, K. Sensory processing disorder and self-injurious behavior. In Understanding and treating self-injurious behavior in autism<\/em><\/a>; Edelson, S.M.; Johnson, J.B., Eds.; London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2016, pp. 138-150.<\/li>\n
            23. Barnhill, K.M. Dietary and nutrition intervention to address self-injurious behavior in autism: Thoughts from five years of clinical care. In Understanding and treating self-injurious behavior in autism<\/em><\/a>; Edelson, S.M.; Johnson, J.B., Eds.; London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2016, pp. 128-137.<\/li>\n
            24. Moskowitz, L.J.; Ritter, A.B. Assessment and intervention for self-injurious behavior related to anxiety. In Understanding and treating self-injurious behavior in autism<\/em><\/a>; Edelson, S.M.; Johnson, J.B., Eds.; London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2016, pp. 198-230.<\/li>\n
            25. Schreck, K.A.; Richdale, A.L. Sleep problems, behavior, and psychopathology in autism: Inter-relationships across the lifespan.<\/a> Current Opinion in Psychology<\/em>, 2020, 34, 105-111.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
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              A Historical Perspective on Autism Advocacy and Research<\/em><\/h3>\n

              This editorial, written by Stephen M. Edelson, PhD, originally appeared in Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a>Vol. 36, No. 3, 2022 – <\/em>read A Historical Perspective on Autism Advocacy and Research<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Rimland, B. Infantile autism: The syndrome and its implications for a neural theory of behavior. <\/em><\/a>Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 1964<\/li>\n
              2. Donvan, J.; Zucker, C. In a different key: the story of autism<\/a><\/em>. Crown Publishers: New York, USA, 2016.<\/li>\n
              3. Silberman, S. NeuroTribes: the legacy of autism and the future of neurodiversity<\/a><\/em>. Penguin Random House: New York, USA, 2015.<\/li>\n
              4. Lotter, V. Epidemiology of autistic conditions in young children<\/a>. Social Psychiatry<\/em>, 1966, 1,124-135.<\/li>\n
              5. Lotter, V. Childhood autism in Africa<\/a>. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry<\/em>, 1978, 19, 231-244.<\/li>\n
              6. Maenner, M.J.; Shaw, K.A.; Bakian, A.V.; et al. Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years — Autism and developmental disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 sites, United States, 2018.\u00a0<\/a>MMWR Surveillance Summary, 2021, 70(SS-11), 1-16.<\/li>\n
              7. Kanner, L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact.<\/a> Nerv. Child<\/em>. 1943, 2, 217-250.<\/li>\n
              8. Creak, M. Schizophrenia syndrome in childhood<\/a>. British Medical Journal<\/em>, 1961, 2, 889-890.<\/li>\n
              9. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2nd ed.<\/a><\/em>; Washington, D.C., 1968.<\/li>\n
              10. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed.<\/em><\/a>; Washington, D.C., 1980.<\/li>\n
              11. Folstein, S.; Rutter, M. Infantile autism: a genetic study of 21 twin pairs.<\/a> The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry<\/em>, 1977, 18(4), 297-397.<\/li>\n
              12. Dhillon, S.; Hellings, J.A.; Butler, M.G. Genetics and mitochondrial abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders: a review.<\/a> Current Genomics<\/em>, 2011, 12(5), 322-332.<\/li>\n
              13. Goines, P.E., Ashwood, P. Cytokine dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders (ASD): possible role of the environment.<\/a> Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology<\/em>, 2013, 36, 67-81.<\/li>\n
              14. Cohen, I.L; Gardner, J.M.; Karmel, B.Z.; Phan, H.T.T.; Kittler, P., et al. Neonatal brainstem function and 4-month arousal-modulated attention are jointly associated with autism.<\/a> Autism Research<\/em>, 2013, 6(1), 11-22.<\/li>\n
              15. Bauman, M.; Kemper, T.L. Histoanatomic observations of the brain in early infantile autism.<\/a> Neurology<\/em>, 1985, 35(6), 866-874.<\/li>\n
              16. Amaral, D.G.; Schumann, C.M.; Nordah, C.W. Neuroantomy of autism.<\/a> Trends in Neurosciences<\/em>, 2008, 31(3), 137-145.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
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                Defining Degrees of Autism: The Controversy and a Suggested Solution<\/em><\/h3>\n

                This editorial, written by Stephen M. Edelson, PhD, originally appeared in Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a>Vol. 36, No. 2, 2022 – <\/em>read Defining Degrees of Autism: The Controversy and a Suggested Solution<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Kanner, L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact.<\/a> Nerv. Child<\/em>. 1943, 2, 217-250.<\/li>\n
                2. Rimland, B. Infantile autism: The syndrome and its implications for a neural theory of behavior. <\/em><\/a>Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 1964<\/li>\n
                3. Asperger, H. Die \u201dAutistischen Psychopathen\u201d im Kindesalter<\/a>. Archiv f. Psychiatrie<\/em> 1944, 117, 76\u2013136.<\/li>\n
                4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, <\/em>4th ed.<\/a>; Washington, DC, USA, 1994.<\/li>\n
                5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders,<\/em> 5th ed.<\/a>; Arlington, VA, USA, 2013.<\/li>\n
                6. Faridi, F.; Khosrowabadi, R. Behavioral, cognitive and neural markers of Asperger syndrome.<\/a> Basic Clin. Neurosci.<\/em> 2017, 8, 349-359.<\/li>\n
                7. Gonzalez-Penas, J.; Costas, J.C.; Garcia-Alcon, A.; Penzol, M.J.; Rodriguez, J.; et al. Psychiatric comorbidities in Asperger syndrome are related with polygenic overlap and differ from other autism subtypes.<\/a> Transl. Psychiatry.<\/em> 2020, 10, 258.<\/li>\n
                8. Brennan, D. WebMD: Asperger’s Syndrome. 2020.<\/a>\u00a0(accessed on 15 May 2022)<\/li>\n
                9. Lord, C., Charman, T., Havdahl, A., Carbone, P., Anagnostou, E., et al. Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism.<\/a>\u00a0The Lancet 2022<\/em>, 399, 271-334.<\/li>\n
                10. Kolves, K., Fitzgerald, C., Nordentoft, M., Wood, S.J., & Erlangsen, A. Assessment of suicidal behaviors among individuals with autism spectrum disorder in Denmark.<\/a> JAMA Network Open<\/em> 2021, 4, e2033565.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
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                  Setting Priorities for Autism Research<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n

                  This editorial, written by Stephen M. Edelson, PhD, originally appeared in Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a>Vol. 35, No. 4, 2021 – <\/em>read Setting Priorities for Autism Research – Autism Research Institute<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Bauman, M., & Kemper, T. L. (1985). Histoanatomic observations of the brain in early infantile autism.\u00a0Neurology, 35<\/em>(6), 866\u2013874.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.35.6.866<\/a><\/li>\n
                  2. Folstein S, Rutter M: Infantile autism: a genetic study of 21 twin pairs. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Disciplines<\/em> 1977; 18:297-321. Infantile Autism: A Genetic Study of 21 Twin Pairs – Folstein – 1977 – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry<\/em> – Wiley Online Library<\/a><\/li>\n
                  3. Gonzalez-Domenech, P.J., Atienza, F.D., Pablos, C.G., Soto, M.L.F., Martinez-Ortega, J.M., & Gutierrez-Rojas, L. (2020). Influence of a combined gluten-free and casein-free diet on behavior disorders in children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: a 12-month follow-up clinical trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50<\/em>, 935-948. Influence of a Combined Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet on Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A 12-Month Follow-Up Clinical Trial | SpringerLink<\/a><\/li>\n
                  4. Gorrindo, P., Williams, K.C., Lee, E.B., Walker, L.S., McGrew, S.G., & Levitt, P. (2012). Gastrointestinal dysfunction in autism: parental report, clinical evaluation, and associated factors. Autism Research, 5(2),<\/em> 101-108. doi: 10.1002\/aur.237. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Autism: Parental Report, Clinical Evaluation, and Associated Factors – Gorrindo – 2012 – Autism Research – Wiley Online Library<\/a><\/li>\n
                  5. Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2,<\/em> 217-250. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. – PsycNET (apa.org)<\/a><\/li>\n
                  6. Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children.\u00a0Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55<\/em>(1), 3\u20139. Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. – PsycNET (apa.org)<\/a><\/li>\n
                  7. Margolis, K.G., Buie, T.M., Turner, J.B., Silberman, A.E., Feldman, J.F., Murray, K.F., McSwiggan-Hardin, M., Levy, J., Bauman, M.L., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J., Whitaker, A.H., & Winter. H.S. (2019). Development of a brief parent-report Development of a Brief Parent-Report Screen for Common Gastrointestinal Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorder – PubMed (nih.gov)<\/a><\/li>\n
                  8. Piwowarczyk, A., Horvath, A., Pisula, E., Kawa, R., & Szajewska, H. (2020). Gluten-free diet in children with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 50,<\/em> 482-490. Gluten-Free Diet in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blinded Trial – PubMed (nih.gov)<\/a><\/li>\n
                  9. Rimland, B. (1964). Infantile autism: The syndrome and its implications for a neural theory of behavior<\/em>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall\u00a0 Bernard Rimland\u2019s “Infantile Autism”: The book that changed autism – Autism Research Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
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                    Challenging behaviors in adults with autism\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n

                    This editorial, written by Stephen M. Edelson, PhD, and Marvin Natowicz, MD, originally appeared in Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a>Vol. 35, No. 1, 2021 – <\/em>read Challenging behaviors in adults with autism – Autism Research Institute<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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                    1. Barroso, N.E., Mendez, L., Graziano, P.A., Bagner, D.M. (2018). Parenting stress through the lens of different clinical groups: a systematic review & meta-analysis.<\/a> J Abnorm Child Psychol<\/em>, 46(3): 449-461. doi: 10.1007\/s10802-017-0313-6<\/li>\n
                    2. Bauman, M.L. (2010). Medical comorbidities in autism: challenges to diagnosis and treatment<\/a>. Neurotherapeutics<\/em>, 7(3): 320-327. doi: 10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.06.001.<\/li>\n
                    3. Carr, E.G. (1977). The motivation of self-injurious behavior: a review of some hypotheses<\/a>. Psychol Bull<\/em>, 84(4): 800-816.<\/li>\n
                    4. Casanova, E.L., Casanova, M.F., Sokhadze, E.M., Lamina, E. (2021). Crosstalk between the immune and autonomic nervous systems and their relationship to anxiety in autism<\/a>. In S.M. Edelson & J.B. Johnson (Eds.), Understanding and treating anxiety in autism<\/em> (pp. 44-56). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.<\/li>\n
                    5. Chen, J.L., Leader, G., Sung, C., Leahy, M. (2014). Trends in employment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a review of the literature<\/a>. Rev J Autism Dev Disord<\/em>, 2(2):115-127. doi: 10.1007\/s40489-014-0041-6<\/li>\n
                    6. Coleman, M. (2016). Targeted medical therapies and self-injury<\/a>. In S.M. Edelson & J.B. Johnson (Eds.), Understanding and treating self-injurious behavior in autism<\/em> (pp. 18-26). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.<\/li>\n
                    7. Huisman S., et al. (2018). Self-injurious behavior<\/a>. Neurosci Biobehav Rev<\/em> 84:483-491. doi: 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.027.<\/li>\n
                    8. Kurtz-Nelson E.C., et al. (2020). Brief report: Associations between self-injurious behaviors and abdominal pain among individuals with ASD-associated disruptive mutations<\/a>. J Autism Dev Disord<\/em> doi: 10.1007\/s10803-020-04774-z.<\/li>\n
                    9. Laverty, C., Oliver, C., Moss, J., Nelson, L., Richards, C. (2020). Persistence and predictors of self-injurious behavior in autism: a ten-year prospective cohort study<\/a>. Molecular Autism<\/em>, 11(8).<\/li>\n
                    10. May, M.E., Kennedy, C.H. (2010). Health and problem behavior among people with intellectual disabilities<\/a>. Behavior Analysis in Practice<\/em>, 3(2), 4-12. doi: 10.1007\/BF03391759<\/li>\n
                    11. Matson, J. L. and Rivet, T.T. (2008). Characteristics of challenging behaviors in adults with autistic disorder, PDD-NOS, and intellectual disability<\/a>. J Intellect Dev Disabil<\/em> 33(4): 323-329. doi: 10.1080\/13668250802492600.<\/li>\n
                    12. Mazurek, M.O., Kanne, S.M., Wodka, E.L. (2013). Physical aggression in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders<\/a>. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders<\/em>, 7(3), 455-465. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2012.11.004<\/li>\n
                    13. McClintock, K., Hall, S., Oliver, C. (2003). Risk markers associated with challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities: a meta-analytic study<\/a>. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research<\/em>, 47(6), 405-416. doi: 10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2003.00517.x.<\/li>\n
                    14. Miller, L.J., Misher, K. (2016). Sensory processing disorder and self-injurious behavior<\/a>. In S.M. Edelson & J.B. Johnson (Eds.), Understanding and treating self-injurious behavior in autism<\/em> (pp. 138-150). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.<\/li>\n
                    15. Minshawi, F., Hurwitz, S., Morriss, D., McDougle, C.J. (2015): Multidisciplinary assessment and treatment of self-injurious behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder and intellectual disability: Integration of psychological and biological theory and approach<\/a>. J Autism Dev Disor<\/em> 45(6):1541-1568. doi: 10.1007\/s10803-014-2307-3.<\/li>\n
                    16. Murphy, C.M., et al. (2016). Autism spectrum disorder in adults: diagnosis, management and health services development<\/a>. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment<\/em>, 12, 1669-1686. doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S65455<\/li>\n
                    17. Muskens J.B., Velders, F. P., Staal, W., G. (2017). Medical comorbidities in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders: a systematic review<\/a>. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry<\/em> 26(9):1093-1103. doi: 10.1007\/s00787-017-1020-0.<\/li>\n
                    18. Shirley MD, et al. (2016) Copy number variants associated with 14 cases of self-injurious behavior<\/a>. PLoS One<\/em>, 11(3):e0149646. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0149646.<\/li>\n
                    19. Steenfeldt-Kristensen, C., Jones, C.A., & Richards, C. (2020). The prevalence of self-injurious behavior in autism: a meta-analytic study<\/a>. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders<\/em>, 50 (11), 3857-3873. doi: : 10.1007\/s10803-020-04443-1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
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                      <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":12753,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12699","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nReferences from ARRI Editorials by Executive Director Stephen M. 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