{"id":12732,"date":"2021-04-27T16:50:24","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T21:50:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/last-drum.flywheelsites.com\/?p=12732"},"modified":"2024-09-23T16:42:19","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T21:42:19","slug":"tms-asd-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autism.org\/tms-asd-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"TMS and Autism &#8211; 2021 Research Updates"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:40px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:13.3333%; margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:40px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:65.3333%; margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element in-legacy-container\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"619\" alt=\"World Autism Org Collab image\" title=\"World Autism Org Collab_Horizontal\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/World-Autism-Org-Collab_Horizontal-1.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/World-Autism-Org-Collab_Horizontal-1.png\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-19541\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%27619%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%20619%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%27619%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/World-Autism-Org-Collab_Horizontal-1-200x48.png 200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/World-Autism-Org-Collab_Horizontal-1-400x97.png 400w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/World-Autism-Org-Collab_Horizontal-1-600x145.png 600w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/World-Autism-Org-Collab_Horizontal-1-800x193.png 800w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/World-Autism-Org-Collab_Horizontal-1-1200x290.png 1200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/World-Autism-Org-Collab_Horizontal-1.png 2560w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>This is a joint presentation by ARI and the World Autism Organisation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#jump\">Manuel Casanova, MD,<\/a> discusses Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and its potential for treating autism. He details the cerebral cortex development and notes revealed differences in mini-columnar morphology and gamma oscillations in individuals with autism. Casanova describes TMS treatments and outlines studies that correlated TMS sessions and increased cognitive abilities. He posits that TMS could shift our focus from symptomatic treatments to interventions that target core pathologies of autism. Casanova notes that although evidence is hopeful, more research is needed to understand the scope and reach of TMS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Take the knowledge quiz for this presentation <a href=\"#jump\">HERE<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube fusion-aligncenter\" style=\"--awb-max-width:1000px;--awb-max-height:563px;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:56.3%;\" ><iframe title=\"YouTube video player 1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dfvTxBPblvQ?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><h2>In this presentation:<\/h2>\n<p><b>0:00 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organization introductions<br \/>\n<\/span><b>12:00 &#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Autism as a neurodevelopmental disease<br \/>\n<\/span><b>16:20 &#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Development of cerebral cortex<br \/>\n<\/span><b>19:50 &#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Disorders of neuronal migration in autism<br \/>\n<\/span><b>20:35 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Study: Neuropathological markers in autism<\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><b>21:10 &#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Mini-columns<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>24:57 &#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Shower Curtain of Inhibition<br \/>\n<\/span><b>27:58 &#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em> Study: Hat models of inhibitory deficit in autism<\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><b>33:46 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interneurons: Calcium-binding proteins<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>38:00 &#8211;<\/b>G<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">amma oscillations, autism, and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EEGs<br \/>\n<\/span><b>43:30 &#8211; <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)<\/span><\/b><br \/>\n<b>47:53 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clinical trial protocol and study design examples<br \/>\n<\/span><b>50:29 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effects of rTMS on gamma oscillations in autism and clinical significance<br \/>\n<\/span><b>52:14 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Studies: 1) Post-TMS changes in response time and 2) Error rate and post-error rate improvement<\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><b>55:40 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heart Rhythm: Temporal and Frequency analysis<br \/>\n<\/span><b>57:55 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Study: Effects of 18 TMS sessions on autonomic functions in ASD<\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><b>59:20 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Studies: 1) TMS in autism: Repetitive and aberrant behaviors and 2) Effect of TMS sessions and behaviors<\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><b>1:00:00 &#8211; <\/b><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Study:<\/span> <\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>TMS in autism: Neurofeedback<\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><b>1:01:00 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TMS in the public press and conclusions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>1:03:58 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q&amp;A<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Brain development and interneurons<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Casanova begins by emphasizing that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Therefore, he states, to create opportunities for curative treatments, we must first understand brain development and focus therapies on the pathology of autism <\/span><b>(15:45)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The presenter details the formation of the cerebral cortex <\/span><b>(16:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and how development differs in individuals with autism:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neuroblasts (excitatory; precursor cells of neurons) and interneurons (inhibitory) migrate to the cortical plate <\/span><b>(17:00)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neuroblasts travel radially along arranged glial fibers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interneurons migrate tangentially (orthogonal to the glial fibers)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Casanova highlights that the distance traveled by tangentially migrating neuroblasts is much greater than that of the radial pathway. Therefore, tangential migration expands the window of opportunity for disruption of neuroblast migration <\/span><b>(16:20 &#8211; 21:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mini columns <\/span><\/i><b>(22:05)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> form at the joining of radial and tangential migratory currents in the cortical plate<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cellular associations and functional exchanges between neurons and interneurons occur at the joining locations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When layered on top of one another, those cellular associations form the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mini-column<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a unit of anatomy and function <\/span><b>(21:18)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Post-mortem studies of mini-columnar morphometry in individuals with autism revealed a significantly reduced area in the peripheral neuronal space <\/span><b>(23:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Casanova emphasizes that the periphery of each mini-column is populated by inhibitory cells that help establish lateral inhibition (inhibition between adjacent columns) <\/span><b>(23:52)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. He presents the analogy <\/span><b>(26:45)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of a bundle of conductive copper wires (neurons) where each wire is isolated from its neighbors by non-conductive material (interneurons). Deficient insulation (diminished inhibitory cells) allows the copper wires to touch, creating alternate paths for electricity flow <\/span><b>(27:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and a cascade of excitement across mini-columns <\/span><b>(24:57)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Synchronous recruitment of PV-positive interneurons generates rhythms of gamma oscillation important in cognitive task execution <\/span><b>(38:00)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PV-positive cells make up around 40% of all interneurons <\/span><b>(34:48)<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gamma oscillations help us construct a perception of reality based on the elements around us. <\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Casanova outlines various studies that found a significant increase in gamma oscillatory activity in individuals with autism <\/span><b>(50:29)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These findings reflect a decrease in signal-to-noise ratio caused by a reduction in the total number of PV-positive cells or decreased inhibition <\/span><b>(41:10)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. We can thus infer that \u201c&#8230;the inhibitory cells in the periphery of the mini-column are diminished in number and function in individuals with autism\u2026and that correcting this deficit could provide a therapeutic target in autism <\/span><b>(24:30)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>To learn more about brain development in autism, view <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/molecular-and-celluar-mechanisms\/\">Exploring Monogenic Syndromes with Elevated Rates of Autism<\/a>, a free webinar presented by Dr. Daniel Vogt, PhD.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) uses a polar magnetic field created from coiled conductors <\/span><b>(43:30)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to stimulate currents <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">along<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the glial lines instead of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">through<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> them <\/span><b>(45:25)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Due to the small magnetic field area, TMS can only treat specific parts of the brain <\/span><b>(46:08)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Because the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPC) interconnects with many brain areas, correcting inhibition deficits in this area could create a therapeutic cascade that could normalize the functionality of associations across the entire brain\u00a0 <\/span><b>(47:30)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Casanova outlines his research group studies that found direct relationships between TMS sessions and increased coherence of function across brain regions <\/span><b>(51:02)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, improved error-rate and post-error response time <\/span><b>(52:14)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, normalized autonomic nervous system parameters <\/span><b>(57:55)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and minimized abhorrent and repetitive behaviors <\/span><b>(59:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. He posits that this type of therapy must be investigated as an alternative to neuroleptics as TMS has no known side effects <\/span><b>(59:55)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The presenter stresses that TMS should not be idealized as a possible cure for autism <\/span><b>(1:01:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Although the evidence is hopeful, he emphasizes the need for multi-center trials with sufficient participants to test the efficacy and compare TMS to other treatments and notes that long-term effects are not yet understood <\/span><b>(1:02:35)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Casanova outlines some of his latest publications before opening the Q&amp;A <\/span><b>(1:03:58)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p>This is a joint presentation hosted by The World Autism Organization and ARI.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:40px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:13.3333%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"jump\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-9860 lazyautosizes lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6-150x150.jpg\" sizes=\"150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6-294x295.jpg 294w\" alt=\"Manuel Casanova\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6-150x150.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6-294x295.jpg 294w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Manuel Casanova, MD,<\/strong>\u00a0served on the founding board of the National Alliance for Autism Research (now Autism Speaks) and the Autism Tissue Board. He has served on the Board of Directors or Scientific Advisory Board of numerous organizations including the Autism Research Institute. His research has been recognized by a EUREKA award from the NIMH for the introduction of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the therapy of autism spectrum disorders.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><h4>Take the knowledge quiz<\/h4>\n<p>Can&#8217;t see the quiz below? 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href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/autism-research-institute\/\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-recent-posts fusion-recent-posts-1 avada-container layout-default layout-columns-3\"><section class=\"fusion-columns columns fusion-columns-3 columns-3\"><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/applying-neuroscience\/\" aria-label=\"Improving Clinical Understanding of Autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/Untitled-design-28-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Doctor analyzing brain scans on a monitor\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271280%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201280%20720%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271280%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/Untitled-design-28-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/Untitled-design-28-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/Untitled-design-28-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-09-11T12:50:54-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/applying-neuroscience\/\">Improving Clinical Understanding of Autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-09-11T12:50:54-05:00<\/span><span>July 25th, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/biomarkers\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Biomarkers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/early-intervention\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Early Intervention<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/neurological\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Neurological<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   James McPartland, Ph.D., discusses current limitations in autism diagnosis and treatment, noting their reliance on behavioral observations despite the condition's genetic and neurological underpinnings. He advocates integrating biomarkers as objective, measurable biological<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-autism-and-the-brain-the-vital-contribution-of-postmortem-research\/\" aria-label=\"Editorial- Autism and the brain: the vital contribution of postmortem research\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/brain-research-2-1200x787-1-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Close-up view of a brain scan showing detailed brain structure\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271200%27%20height%3D%27787%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201200%20787%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271200%27%20height%3D%27787%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/brain-research-2-1200x787-1-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/brain-research-2-1200x787-1-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/brain-research-2-1200x787-1-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-12-20T17:40:49-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-autism-and-the-brain-the-vital-contribution-of-postmortem-research\/\">Editorial- Autism and the brain: the vital contribution of postmortem research<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-12-20T17:40:49-05:00<\/span><span>December 20th, 2024<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>     Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects approximately 1% of the global population. It presents in diverse ways, but the core features typically include challenges with social<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/white-matter\/\" aria-label=\"White Matter Development and Language in Autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/AdobeStock_630304837-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Gray matter, white matter, and ventricles in the human brain\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271792%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201792%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271792%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/AdobeStock_630304837-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/AdobeStock_630304837-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/AdobeStock_630304837-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-05-20T16:22:30-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/white-matter\/\">White Matter Development and Language in Autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-05-20T16:22:30-05:00<\/span><span>April 23rd, 2024<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/biomarkers\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Biomarkers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/early-intervention\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Early Intervention<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/neurological\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Neurological<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>    Tyler McFayden, Ph.D., considers the intersection of white matter development and language in autism. She discusses language modality and considers how white matter may help predict autism diagnosis and inform interventions.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/gender-brain-differences-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Behavioral and Brain Signatures of Autism in Females\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_238082786-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"puzzle pieces with male and female gender symbols on the pink and blue background. concept equality\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271707%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201707%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271707%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_238082786-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_238082786-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_238082786-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-03-07T15:37:58-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/gender-brain-differences-autism\/\">Behavioral and Brain Signatures of Autism in Females<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-03-07T15:37:58-05:00<\/span><span>July 26th, 2022<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/genetics\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Genetics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/neurological\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Neurological<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>  Kaustubh Supekar, Ph.D., examines recent findings about gender\/sex differences in autism phenotypes and brain organization. He highlights the underrepresentation of females in autism and underscores the need for a large-scale science approach. The<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/unrecognized-medical-comorbidities-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Overview: Medical Comorbidities and ASD\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Untitled-design-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"autism - a multifactorial disorder banner\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271920%27%20height%3D%271080%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201920%201080%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271920%27%20height%3D%271080%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Untitled-design-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Untitled-design-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Untitled-design-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-09-23T16:44:34-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/unrecognized-medical-comorbidities-autism\/\">Overview: Medical Comorbidities and ASD<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-09-23T16:44:34-05:00<\/span><span>January 4th, 2021<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/gastrointestinal\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Gastrointestinal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/gastrointestinal-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Gastrointestinal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/genetics\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Genetics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/immune-issues\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Immune Issues<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/neurological\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Neurological<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/self-injury\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Self-Injury<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>  In this brief overview, neurologist Margaret Bauman, MD summarizes symptoms and signs of medical comorbidities that frequently occur, but may go unrecognized, in patients diagnosed with ASD. While the underlying cause of autism<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/brain-tissue-bank-research-brings-hope\/\" aria-label=\"Brain Tissue Bank \u2013 Research Brings Hope\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/AdobeStock_65152817-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Xray Brain isolated on black background\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271440%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201440%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271440%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/AdobeStock_65152817-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/AdobeStock_65152817-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/AdobeStock_65152817-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/firespringint\/\" title=\"Posts by firespringInt\" rel=\"author\">firespringInt<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2021-07-19T14:06:33-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/brain-tissue-bank-research-brings-hope\/\">Brain Tissue Bank \u2013 Research Brings Hope<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/firespringint\/\" title=\"Posts by firespringInt\" rel=\"author\">firespringInt<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2021-07-19T14:06:33-05:00<\/span><span>October 10th, 2018<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/neurological\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Neurological<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/parenting\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Parenting<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   Tune in as David Amaral, Ph.D., presents on advances in brain tissue donation and research. This presentation is on YouTube and can be shared on social media, via email, on websites, etc.<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/section><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13115,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,24],"tags":[4693,58,4705,3942,4712,5517],"class_list":["post-12732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-webinar","tag-ari-webinar","tag-autism","tag-casanova","tag-tms","tag-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","tag-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-tms-for-asd-research-updates-2018","webinar-author-manuel-casanova"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>TMS and Autism - 2021 Research Updates - Autism Research Institute<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about recent research using transcranial magnetic stimulation as a potential therapy for neurological and psychiatric conditions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/tms-asd-2021\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TMS and Autism - 2021 Research Updates\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about recent research using transcranial magnetic stimulation as a potential therapy for neurological and psychiatric conditions.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/tms-asd-2021\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Autism Research Institute\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/autismresearchinstitute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-27T21:50:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-23T21:42:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/AdobeStock_263227653.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"4843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"3234\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"autismAdmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ariConference\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ariConference\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"autismAdmin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/tms-asd-2021\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/tms-asd-2021\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"autismAdmin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/#\/schema\/person\/26ad828eeaab2fed770658de3e543083\"},\"headline\":\"TMS and Autism &#8211; 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