{"id":13390,"date":"2021-07-01T11:55:18","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T16:55:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/last-drum.flywheelsites.com\/?p=13390"},"modified":"2024-04-28T17:44:40","modified_gmt":"2024-04-28T22:44:40","slug":"researchers-find-clues-to-inconsistent-microbiome-findings-in-asd-see-longitudinal-effects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autism.org\/researchers-find-clues-to-inconsistent-microbiome-findings-in-asd-see-longitudinal-effects\/","title":{"rendered":"Researchers find clues to inconsistent microbiome findings in ASD, see longitudinal effects"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:16.666666666667%;width:calc(16.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.16666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>A new study suggests that changes occurring over time in the behavior of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be related to their gut microbiomes.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, it offers insights into the inconsistent findings of studies investigating the role of the gut microbiome in ASD.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element in-legacy-container\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Germs and bacteria\" title=\"Germs and bacteria icons set isolated on blue background.\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/microbiome-bacteria-scaled.jpeg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/microbiome-bacteria-1024x1024.jpeg\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-13391\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%272560%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%202560%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%272560%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/microbiome-bacteria-200x200.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/microbiome-bacteria-400x400.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/microbiome-bacteria-600x600.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/microbiome-bacteria-800x800.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/microbiome-bacteria-1200x1200.jpeg 1200w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>In the study, Jennifer Fouquier and colleagues compared fecal samples from individuals with ASD and controls in Arizona and Colorado, using standardized DNA extraction and sequencing methods. The Arizona participants included 36 children with ASD and 38 age-matched neurotypical controls who did not have first-degree relatives with autism. The Colorado participants included 13 children with ASD and 16 matched neurotypical controls; five of the controls had siblings with ASD.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers found that gut microbiomes differed between individuals in Arizona and those in Colorado. Moreover, in Arizona but not Colorado, gastrointestinal symptoms were higher in individuals with ASD than in controls. Gut microbiome composition was significantly associated with ASD when the researchers controlled for study site location but not when they controlled for gastrointestinal symptoms.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTaken together,\u201d the researchers say, \u201cthese results suggest that geographical differences in gut microbiome composition and differences in levels of gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic individuals at different study sites may contribute to inconsistent results in the literature.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The researchers also studied seven children with ASD and nine neurotypical controls over time, evaluating the gut microbiome\u2019s relationship to behavioral severity, diet, and gastrointestinal symptoms. All of these children were from the Colorado group.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers contacted participants in the longitudinal study every three months and asked them to fill out a number of questionnaires including the Aberrant Behavior Checklist. In addition, they asked participants to fill out a food frequency questionnaire and to describe any GI symptoms they were experiencing. They also obtained fecal samples.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers say the results indicated that changes in levels of lethargy and social withdrawal at different times correlated with the degree of change in gut microbiome composition. In addition, they say, \u201cA worsening of inappropriate speech between time points was associated with decreased gut microbiome diversity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe need more research,\u201d says study co-author Catherine Lozupone, \u201cbut our work shows that the gut microbiome is playing a role in the provocation of symptoms in kids with autism spectrum disorder. This further supports the fact that the gut microbiome could be a valuable therapeutic target for children with autism spectrum disorders.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe gut microbiome in autism: Study-site effects and longitudinal analysis of behavior change,\u201d Jennifer Fouquier, Nancy Moreno Huizar, Jody Donnelly, Cody Glickman, Dae-Wook Kang, Juan Maldonado, Rachel A. Jones, Kimberly Johnson, James B. Adams, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown, and Catherine Lozupone, <em>mSystems<\/em>, March\/April 2021 (free online). Address: Catherine Lozupone, Catherine.lozupone@cuanschutz.edu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2014and\u2014<\/p>\n<p>\u201cGut microbiome plays role in autism,\u201d news release, American Society for Microbiology, April 6, 2021.<\/p>\n<p>This article originally appeared in <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/subscribe\/\"><em>Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a><em>Vol. 35, No. 2, 2021<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:16.666666666667%;width:calc(16.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.16666666666667 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#f8f8f8;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1315.6px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" 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class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-recent-posts fusion-recent-posts-1 avada-container layout-default layout-columns-3\"><section class=\"fusion-columns columns fusion-columns-3 columns-3\"><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-what-we-breathe-matters-rethinking-air-pollution-and-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Editorial: What we breathe matters &#8211; Rethinking air pollution and autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Cars stuck in a traffic jam on a busy road\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271817%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201817%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271817%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-09T15:09:40-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-what-we-breathe-matters-rethinking-air-pollution-and-autism\/\">Editorial: What we breathe matters &#8211; Rethinking air pollution and autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-09T15:09:40-05:00<\/span><span>March 9th, 2026<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   For nearly sixty years, the Autism Research Institute (ARI) has tried to understand autism by looking beyond surface behaviors and asking deeper biological questions. From the beginning, Bernard Rimland challenged the dominant<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-invisible-threats-the-role-of-environmental-toxins-in-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Editorial: Invisible threats &#8211; the role of environmental toxins in autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"different toxins\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271280%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201280%20720%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271280%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-24T14:39:51-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-invisible-threats-the-role-of-environmental-toxins-in-autism\/\">Editorial: Invisible threats &#8211; the role of environmental toxins in autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-24T14:39:51-05:00<\/span><span>November 21st, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/uncategorized\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Uncategorized<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   As our knowledge about autism continues to evolve, so does our understanding of its root causes. For many years, professionals blamed \u201crefrigerator parents\u201d and prescribed psychoanalytic therapy. Once the psychogenic theory was<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/aris-2025-impact\/\" aria-label=\"ARI&#8217;s 2025 Impact\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"368\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27883%27%20height%3D%27368%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20883%20368%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27883%27%20height%3D%27368%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2025-accomplishments-logo-700x368.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-26T15:13:47-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/aris-2025-impact\/\">ARI&#8217;s 2025 Impact<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-26T15:13:47-05:00<\/span><span>November 17th, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>  Advocating for Independent Research and Education For nearly six decades, ARI has funded groundbreaking research, expanded educational initiatives, and brought clinicians and scientists together worldwide. Yet researchers and clinicians continue to face unprecedented<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/section><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":13391,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,19],"tags":[8326,4754,4552,3475,72],"class_list":["post-13390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-research","tag-arri","tag-health","tag-medical-comorbidities","tag-microbiome","tag-research"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Researchers find clues to inconsistent microbiome findings in ASD, see longitudinal effects<\/title>\n<meta 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