{"id":14354,"date":"2022-01-03T14:55:54","date_gmt":"2022-01-03T19:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/last-drum.flywheelsites.com\/?p=14354"},"modified":"2024-04-28T17:42:12","modified_gmt":"2024-04-28T22:42:12","slug":"role-of-the-habenula-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-explored","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autism.org\/role-of-the-habenula-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-explored\/","title":{"rendered":"Role of the habenula in autism spectrum disorders explored"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:16.666666666667%;width:calc(16.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.16666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p>A new study suggests that a small brain region called the habenula may play a role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD).<\/p>\n<p>The habenula is a pea-sized structure located near the thalamus. This structure, J\u00fcrgen Germann and colleagues say, \u201chas been identified as the central structure modulating the reward value of social interactions, behavioral adaptation, sensory integration, and circadian rhythm.\u201d All of these, they note, are altered in ASD.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element fusion-image-align-center in-legacy-container\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"imageframe-align-center\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" alt=\"Brain scan image showing detailed brain structure\" title=\"MRI,brain\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/brain-research-2-scaled.jpeg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/brain-research-2-300x197.jpeg\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-14355\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271678%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201678%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271678%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/brain-research-2-200x131.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/brain-research-2-400x262.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/brain-research-2-600x393.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/brain-research-2-800x524.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/brain-research-2-1200x787.jpeg 1200w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p>To examine the volume of the habenula in individuals with and without ASD, the researchers analyzed magnetic resonance imaging data on 220 individuals with ASD and 303 age-matched controls. Subjects were between 6 years and 30 years of age.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers found that the habenula was significantly enlarged in individuals with ASD compared to controls, a finding seen across the entire age range. Thus, they say, \u201cthe habenula volume difference did not show any evidence of being the product of an altered developmental trajectory.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In addition, there was no evidence of an association between habenula enlargement and sex or symptom severity on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). \u201cThe fact that there is a strong effect of diagnosis independent of age, sex, or symptoms severity as assessed by the SRS score,\u201d they say, \u201cmight point to the habenula being implied in a broader range of behavioral symptoms, beyond the classic deficits of social behavior and social interaction.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The researchers also report that machine modeling based on habenula volume, age, and sex classified ASD with 85% accuracy and 64% accuracy in cross validation. Germann and colleagues caution that their study has a number of limitations. For instance, it did not include very young children, and the number of female subjects was relatively small. However, they say, \u201cthe robust finding of increased habenula volume in ASD compared to typically developing control subjects provides the first evidence in human subjects of an involvement of the<br \/>\nhabenula in some aspect of the pathophysiology of ASD.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/p>\n<p>\u201cInvolvement of the habenula in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder,\u201d J\u00fcrgen Germann, Flavia Venetucci Gouveia, Helena Brentani, Saashi A. Bedford, Stephanie Tullo, M. Mallar Chakravarty, and Gabriel A. Devenyi, <em>Nature Scientific Reports<\/em>, October 27, 2021 (free online). Address: J\u00fcrgen Germann, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. Address: J\u00fcrgen Germann, germannj@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p>This article originally appeared in <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/subscribe\/\"><em>Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a><em>Vol. 35, No. 4, 2021<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:16.666666666667%;width:calc(16.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.16666666666667 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" 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fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: 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fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-recent-posts fusion-recent-posts-1 avada-container layout-default layout-columns-3\"><section class=\"fusion-columns columns fusion-columns-3 columns-3\"><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-what-we-breathe-matters-rethinking-air-pollution-and-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Editorial: What we breathe matters &#8211; Rethinking air pollution and autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Cars stuck in a traffic jam on a busy road\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271817%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201817%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271817%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-09T15:09:40-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-what-we-breathe-matters-rethinking-air-pollution-and-autism\/\">Editorial: What we breathe matters &#8211; Rethinking air pollution and autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-09T15:09:40-05:00<\/span><span>March 9th, 2026<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   For nearly sixty years, the Autism Research Institute (ARI) has tried to understand autism by looking beyond surface behaviors and asking deeper biological questions. From the beginning, Bernard Rimland challenged the dominant<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-invisible-threats-the-role-of-environmental-toxins-in-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Editorial: Invisible threats &#8211; the role of environmental toxins in autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"different toxins\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271280%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201280%20720%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271280%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-24T14:39:51-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-invisible-threats-the-role-of-environmental-toxins-in-autism\/\">Editorial: Invisible threats &#8211; the role of environmental toxins in autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-24T14:39:51-05:00<\/span><span>November 21st, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/uncategorized\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Uncategorized<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   As our knowledge about autism continues to evolve, so does our understanding of its root causes. For many years, professionals blamed \u201crefrigerator parents\u201d and prescribed psychoanalytic therapy. Once the psychogenic theory was<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/aris-2025-impact\/\" aria-label=\"ARI&#8217;s 2025 Impact\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"368\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27883%27%20height%3D%27368%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20883%20368%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27883%27%20height%3D%27368%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2025-accomplishments-logo-700x368.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-26T15:13:47-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/aris-2025-impact\/\">ARI&#8217;s 2025 Impact<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-26T15:13:47-05:00<\/span><span>November 17th, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>  Advocating for Independent Research and Education For nearly six decades, ARI has funded groundbreaking research, expanded educational initiatives, and brought clinicians and scientists together worldwide. Yet researchers and clinicians continue to face unprecedented<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/section><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":14355,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[8326,3976,72],"class_list":["post-14354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-arri","tag-medical-issues","tag-research"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Role of the habenula in autism spectrum disorders explored - Autism Research Institute<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/role-of-the-habenula-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-explored\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Role of the habenula in autism spectrum disorders explored\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/role-of-the-habenula-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-explored\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Autism Research Institute\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/autismresearchinstitute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-01-03T19:55:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-28T22:42:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/brain-research-2-scaled.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1678\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Melanie Glock\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ariConference\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ariConference\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Melanie Glock\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/role-of-the-habenula-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-explored\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/role-of-the-habenula-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-explored\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Melanie Glock\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/#\/schema\/person\/ad26e988cbfed68201ec1c125f98d660\"},\"headline\":\"Role of the habenula in autism spectrum disorders explored\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-01-03T19:55:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-28T22:42:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/role-of-the-habenula-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-explored\/\"},\"wordCount\":1562,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/role-of-the-habenula-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-explored\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/brain-research-2-scaled.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"ARRI\",\"medical issues\",\"research\"],\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/role-of-the-habenula-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-explored\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/role-of-the-habenula-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-explored\/\",\"name\":\"Role of the habenula in autism spectrum disorders explored - 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