{"id":17927,"date":"2024-04-23T19:49:59","date_gmt":"2024-04-24T00:49:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autism.org\/?p=17927"},"modified":"2024-05-20T16:22:30","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T21:22:30","slug":"white-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autism.org\/white-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"White Matter Development and Language in Autism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:80px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:13.3333%; margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:80px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:65.3333%; margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#jump\">Tyler McFayden, Ph.D.<\/a>, considers the intersection of white matter development and language in autism. She discusses language modality and considers how white matter may help predict autism diagnosis and inform interventions. The speaker details an ongoing longitudinal investigation into the relationship between white matter and language development across diagnosis-likelihood groups. Preliminary results suggest a unique relationship between language and white matter in high-likelihood groups that is evident starting between 6 and 12 months postnatal. McFayden discusses study results and considers their implications in autism diagnosis, interventions, and future research.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Handouts are online <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/McFayden.pdf\">HERE\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube fusion-aligncenter\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:360px;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:60%;\" ><iframe title=\"YouTube video player 1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PHGYvqLhKBo?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><h2><strong>In this webinar:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1:00<\/strong> &#8211; Introduction, thanks, disclaimers, and QR codes<br \/>\n<strong>2:25<\/strong> &#8211; Language, background, and study approach<br \/>\n<strong>5:00<\/strong> &#8211; Language development in siblings of autistic children<br \/>\n<strong>8:09<\/strong> &#8211; White matter in autism and language<br \/>\n<strong>13:30<\/strong> &#8211; Study: White matter and language development across time<br \/>\n<strong>15:00<\/strong> &#8211; Methods and analysis<br \/>\n<strong>19:35<\/strong> &#8211; Significant relationships<br \/>\n<strong>23:15<\/strong> &#8211; Differences in expressive and receptive languages<br \/>\n<strong>25:40<\/strong> &#8211; Summary and discussion<br \/>\n<strong>30:45<\/strong> &#8211; Future directions<br \/>\n<strong>34:12<\/strong> &#8211; Q &amp;A<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Language modality and development<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studying language development in individuals who do not communicate verbally can help us understand how language modality (the way language is conveyed) relates to the brain and vice versa <\/span><b>(4:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Language delays are one of the earliest emerging endophenotypes (biomarker subsets) of autism. McFayden explains that standard models of language development employ the \u201cwait and see\u201d method, which is strictly behavior-based. Sometimes, practitioners wait too long and miss opportunities for the most effective early interventions <\/span><b>(5:36)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. By investigating non-verbal language modality across time, the speaker continues, we can discover where language phenotypes begin to diverge from the neurotypical population and, therefore, find the most effective timing for early interventions <\/span><b>(6:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Siblings of autistic children (Sib-ASD) are 3 to 4 times more likely to experience language delays than siblings of non-autistic children. Similarly, 20 &#8211; 30% of Sib-ASD receive an autism diagnosis <\/span><b>(7:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Therefore, younger siblings of children with autism are considered a high likelihood (HL) group. In McFayden\u2019s ongoing study, her team observes white matter development across time for groups at high likelihood (HL) and low likelihood (LL) for autism diagnosis <\/span><b>(2:25)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The speaker emphasizes that white matter measurements allow a mechanistic approach to language development, which may be visible earlier than behavioral presentations <\/span><b>(7:25)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>White matter<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">McFayden describes white matter as the portion of the brain that is myelinated or enclosed in myelin. This fatty lipid-protein gives white matter its color <\/span><b>(8:09)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These myeline sheaths act as electrical insulators that support signal transduction in the brain and, as such, the formation of functional circuits. Therefore, white matter is critical to understanding how information is communicated throughout the brain <\/span><b>(8:25)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. White matter is measured using an MRI to record fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of the rapid maturation of fiber pathways in the brain. Higher FA relates to increased age, myelination, and fiber maturation <\/span><b>(9:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>White matter in autism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the earliest differences documented in autism is atypical organization of white matter, in some cases evident by six months post-natal <\/span><b>(10:30)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Behavioral implications of white matter organization discussed in the literature include social cognition, behavioral control, repetitive behaviors, and sensory interests. However, no work to date has mapped white matter development to language despite these occurring at similar times <\/span><b>(11:40)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>White matter in language<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">White matter has been linked to expressive and receptive language in the neurotypical population, specifically in the arcuate fasciculus and corpus callosum. Generally, higher axon insulation (myelination) corresponds to higher language scores <\/span><b>(12:10)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. McFayden reiterates the importance of evaluating the relationship between white matter and language to understand the pathophysiology and inform effective and timely language interventions for autism <\/span><b>(13:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Study: White matter and language development over time<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The speaker outlines her teams\u2019 ongoing study to evaluate longitudinal relationships between white matter microstructure in infants at HL (high likelihood) and LL (low likelihood) for autism at 6, 12, and 24 months. Specifically, they aim to answer two questions <\/span><b>(13:30)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Which white matter structures are related to expressive and receptive language in the first two years postnatal?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do relationships between white matter and language over time differ as a function of the likelihood group? If so, when?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Data and analysis<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Study data are gathered from the Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS), an ongoing (15 years and counting) investigation that follows younger siblings of autistic and neurotypical children at 6, 12, and 24 months <\/span><b>(14:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The speaker and her team separated 461 participants into three groups <\/span><b>(15:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HL-ASD: received a diagnosis at 24 months<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HL-Neg: did not receive a diagnosis<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LL-Neg: siblings of neurotypical children\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers used the Mullen Scales of Early Learning to derive values for expressive and receptive language (EL\/RL). They recorded FA values from nine common brain connection pathways to measure white matter volume <\/span><b>(16:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The speaker outlines analytical methods, highlighting linear mixed-effect modeling, piecewise linear estimates, and autoregressive correlation structure <\/span><b>(17:10)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. White matter and language were considered main effects and used to assess how changes in white matter and language impact certain groups compared to others <\/span><b>(18:25)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Results\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analysis revealed a unique significant relationship between language and the arcuate fasciculus <\/span><b>(19:35)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. McFayden presents a data plot where participant FA values are plotted against expressive language measures at each time scale. Preliminary findings show a positive relationship between FA and expressive language in the HL-ASD group. This relationship diverges from the HL-Neg group at twelve months and the LL-Neg group at six months <\/span><b>(20:53)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The relationship between white matter and expressive language is steeply positive in the HL-ASD group compared to HL-Neg and LL-Neg groups <\/span><b>(22:47)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In a model of predictive language scores based on collected data, the HL-ASD group also breaks away in the third FA percentile <\/span><b>(23:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers did not find any significant interactions between FA values and receptive language for any group <\/span><b>(24:06)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. However, group trends for receptive language exhibit the same patterns observed in the expressive language plots. The speaker asserts that, although the relationship did not reach statistical significance, the similarities in receptive and expressive language trends compared to white matter warrant further attention <\/span><b>(25:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Summary and discussion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">McFayden reiterates the significant relationship between white matter and language in autism and notes the differences between expressive and receptive language <\/span><b>(25:40)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A robust positive relationship between language and white matter volume emerges in autism between six and twelve months postnatal and remains through the two-year mark. She explains that HL-ASD infants with the smallest gains in FA values exhibit the least gains in language over time and overall lowest language scores by 24 months. These findings underscore the importance of appropriately timed interventions <\/span><b>(26:40)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Because findings were specific to the right arcuate (expressive language), we can conclude that expressive and receptive language (left arcuate) do not have the same tractography <\/span><b>(27:40)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The speaker mentions evidence suggesting that left acuate lateralization does not happen to the same extent in autism, which could reflect right-dominant language processing <\/span><b>(29:12)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Future directions and key takeaways<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Future investigations should use a smaller time window (e.g., 18 months) and larger HL-ASD samples to more fully understand the temporal aspect of this relationship. The speaker also suggests consistently observing brain-behavior relationships through school age <\/span><b>(30:45)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Finally, HL-ASD groups could be further parsed out according to language trajectory to reveal more subtle differences in the language-white matter endophenotype <\/span><b>(31:28)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">McFayden reemphasizes that the development of white matter in infants who later receive an autism diagnosis is linked to lower expressive and receptive language in the first two years of life. These specific language relationships emerge as early as twelve months, which is well before diagnoses are generally made <\/span><b>(32:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The speaker asserts that these findings support the idea that the \u201cwait and see\u201d method is not a good approach. She notes that this is a new field of study and suggests incorporating these data into future observation and diagnosis methods to ensure proper intervention timing <\/span><b>(33:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">McFayden provides thanks and acknowledgments before the Q&amp;A, where she discusses preterm babies <\/span><b>(40:30)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ongoing studies and where to sign up <\/span><b>(42:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, potential subgroups and language trajectories <\/span><b>(47:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and much more.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:80px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:13.3333%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"Jump\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><h3>The speaker:<\/h3>\n<p><b><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload size-thumbnail wp-image-17929 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/McFayden-small-150x150.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/McFayden-small-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27150%27%20height%3D%27150%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20150%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27150%27%20height%3D%27150%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/McFayden-small-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/McFayden-small-150x150.jpg 150w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"circular-image\">\n<p><strong>Tyler McFayden, PhD<\/strong>, is a NICHD T32 Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. Prior to her T32 position, she received her bachelor&#8217;s in science from Davidson College and PhD in Developmental and Clinical Psychology from Virginia Tech. She completed her APA-accredited internship at UNC&#8217;s Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities. Dr. McFayden currently works with Dr. Clare Harrop (Health Sciences) and Dr. Mike O&#8217;Shea (Pediatrics), researching social communication profiles of autistic youth and sex differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories. Dr. McFayden also works closely with Dr. Jessica Girault, PhD, a member of the IBIS group at UNC, studying neuro-behavior relations in high-likelihood infant samples. The April presentation will feature results and discussions from their recent paper highlighting a novel white matter-language connection in the right arcuate fasciculus in infants who later are diagnosed with autism at 24 months.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h4>Take the knowledge quiz<\/h4>\n<p>Can&#8217;t see the quiz below? 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href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/autism-research-institute\/\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-recent-posts fusion-recent-posts-1 avada-container layout-default layout-columns-3\"><section class=\"fusion-columns columns fusion-columns-3 columns-3\"><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/breakthroughs-in-understanding-roles-of-genes-and-environment-in-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Breakthroughs in Understanding roles of Genes and Environment in Autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/paid_-dna-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"autism genetic research, beyond genetics autism\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271600%27%20height%3D%271067%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201600%201067%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271600%27%20height%3D%271067%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/paid_-dna-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/paid_-dna-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/paid_-dna-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-01-05T18:58:39-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/breakthroughs-in-understanding-roles-of-genes-and-environment-in-autism\/\">Breakthroughs in Understanding roles of Genes and Environment in Autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-01-05T18:58:39-05:00<\/span><span>December 2nd, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/environmental-factors\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Environmental Factors<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/genetics\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Genetics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/medical-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Medical Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/neurological\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Neurological<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>          About the speaker: Dr. Jonathan Sebat, Director, Beyster Center for Psychiatric Genomics Dr. Sebat leads an interdisciplinary team in the clinical and genomic analysis of<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/molecular-and-celluar-mechanisms\/\" aria-label=\"The Low-Hanging Fruit: Exploring Monogenic Syndromes with Elevated Rates of Autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_845339561-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Two puzzle pieces with the words &quot;Autism&quot; and &quot;Genetics&quot; on them\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271192%27%20height%3D%27924%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201192%20924%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271192%27%20height%3D%27924%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_845339561-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_845339561-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_845339561-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-08-07T10:37:37-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/molecular-and-celluar-mechanisms\/\">The Low-Hanging Fruit: Exploring Monogenic Syndromes with Elevated Rates of Autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-08-07T10:37:37-05:00<\/span><span>July 15th, 2024<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/autism-spectrum-disorders\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Autism Spectrum Disorders<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/biomarkers\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Biomarkers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/genetics\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Genetics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/autism-spectrum-disorders\/ways-to-help\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Ways to Help<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   Dr. Daniel Vogt, Ph.D., explores monogenic syndromes and what they can tell us about the underlying causes of autism. He describes signaling pathways critical in early development, highlighting the electrical nature of<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/gender-brain-differences-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Behavioral and Brain Signatures of Autism in Females\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_238082786-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"puzzle pieces with male and female gender symbols on the pink and blue background. concept equality\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271707%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201707%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271707%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_238082786-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_238082786-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_238082786-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-03-07T15:37:58-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/gender-brain-differences-autism\/\">Behavioral and Brain Signatures of Autism in Females<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-03-07T15:37:58-05:00<\/span><span>July 26th, 2022<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/genetics\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Genetics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/neurological\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Neurological<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>  Kaustubh Supekar, Ph.D., examines recent findings about gender\/sex differences in autism phenotypes and brain organization. He highlights the underrepresentation of females in autism and underscores the need for a large-scale science approach. The<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/research-priorities-editorial\/\" aria-label=\"Editorial &#8211; Setting Priorities for Autism Research\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/keyboard-e1570204484508-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Close-up of a keyboard with the word &quot;Research&quot; on it\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271200%27%20height%3D%27630%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201200%20630%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271200%27%20height%3D%27630%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/keyboard-e1570204484508-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/keyboard-e1570204484508-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/keyboard-e1570204484508-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-09-11T10:13:51-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/research-priorities-editorial\/\">Editorial &#8211; Setting Priorities for Autism Research<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-09-11T10:13:51-05:00<\/span><span>November 23rd, 2021<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>    Autism organizations, individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and parents have differing views on how best to proceed with autism research. However, nearly all of us can agree that the progress<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/maternal-immune-activation\/\" aria-label=\"Research on Maternal Immune Activation, Pregnancy &#038; Covid-19\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/AdobeStock_416761381-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Doctor is doing ultrasound screening for a pregnant woman\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271350%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201350%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271350%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/AdobeStock_416761381-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/AdobeStock_416761381-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/AdobeStock_416761381-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2022-02-15T16:13:16-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/maternal-immune-activation\/\">Research on Maternal Immune Activation, Pregnancy &#038; Covid-19<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2022-02-15T16:13:16-05:00<\/span><span>June 1st, 2021<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/covid-19\/\" rel=\"category tag\">COVID-19<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/immune-issues\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Immune Issues<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/prenatal-health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Pregnancy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>       Learn about emerging findings on maternal immune activation and Covid-19. \u00a0     About the speaker: Judy Van de Water, PhD, joined the faculty in the<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/possible-fat-related-biomarker-detected-in-very-young-children-with-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Possible Fat-Related Biomarker Detected in Very Young Children with Autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/research-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Medical Research Scientist Examines Laboratory Mice and Looks on Tissue Samples under Microscope. She Works in a Light Laboratory.\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271440%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201440%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271440%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/research-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/research-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/research-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-04-28T17:52:15-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/possible-fat-related-biomarker-detected-in-very-young-children-with-autism\/\">Possible Fat-Related Biomarker Detected in Very Young Children with Autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-04-28T17:52:15-05:00<\/span><span>January 8th, 2021<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   Researchers in Japan report that they have identified a possible biomarker for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in very young children. Noting that both low birth weight and obesity in infancy are known<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/section><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17933,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9735,9698,26,3782,19,24],"tags":[4806,4893,4925,4910,9836],"class_list":["post-17927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biomarkers","category-early-intervention","category-health","category-neurological","category-research","category-webinar","tag-biomarkers","tag-language","tag-language-development","tag-neurology","tag-white-matter","webinar-author-tyler-mcfayden"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>White Matter Development and Language in Autism - 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