{"id":18731,"date":"2025-01-10T15:27:23","date_gmt":"2025-01-10T20:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autism.org\/?p=18731"},"modified":"2025-02-24T12:09:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-24T17:09:33","slug":"building-infant-social-interaction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autism.org\/building-infant-social-interaction\/","title":{"rendered":"Caregiver Strategies for Building Infant Social Interaction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:80px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:13.3333%; margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:80px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:65.3333%; margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#jump\">Laurie A. Vismara, Ph.D., BCBA-D, R.B.A. (Ont.)<\/a> details caregiver strategies for building infant social interaction. She introduces the Infant Start Manual, an extension of the Early Start Denver Model. The speaker outlines contemporary research on early-in-life autism support strategies and underscores the need for collaborative, family-centered support tactics for parents and caregivers. Vismara details six (6) infant learning characteristics, how they present, and what caregivers can do to foster these social communication skills during infancy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Handouts are online <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Vismara_ARI-10-9-2024.zip\">HERE<\/a> (.zip)<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube fusion-aligncenter\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:360px;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:60%;\" ><iframe title=\"YouTube video player 1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/M1UrmZAq9fY?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><h2><b>In this webinar:\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1:30<\/strong> &#8211; Introduction<br \/>\n<strong>6:10<\/strong> &#8211; Infant Start Manual<br \/>\n<strong>11:40<\/strong> &#8211; Research findings<br \/>\n<strong>17:55<\/strong> &#8211; Infant learning characteristics<br \/>\n<strong>20:25<\/strong> &#8211; Attentional flexibility<br \/>\n<strong>27:10<\/strong> &#8211; Object use<br \/>\n<strong>33:00<\/strong> &#8211; Prelinguistic development<br \/>\n<strong>36:55<\/strong> &#8211; Combined, pragmatic communication<br \/>\n<strong>42:25<\/strong> &#8211; Speech<br \/>\n<strong>47:30<\/strong> &#8211; Social attention and engagement<br \/>\n<strong>54:20<\/strong> &#8211; Tips for baby learning<br \/>\n<strong>58:00<\/strong> &#8211; Resources<\/p>\n<h2><b>Introduction<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vismara introduces the Infant Start Manual, an extension of the Early Start Denver Model that focuses on <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">infant <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">social interactions <\/span><b>(1:30)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. She highlights the need for innovative, flexible approaches to support strategies that match the needs, goals, and priorities of parents and caregivers. The speaker outlines specific language used in the talk and notes presentation learning objectives <\/span><b>(4:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The vision of the Infant Start Manual is to facilitate families in their caregiving journey with interactive early-in-life topics aimed at infant social communication vulnerabilities <\/span><b>(6:10)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The manual provides supports through family-centered coaching and does not substitute for a diagnosis, fix, or cure. The Infant Start Model can be accessed freely at<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/esdmonline.com\/about\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">esdmonline.com\/about<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encouraging Infant Communication and Play Manual <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Rogers &amp; Vismara)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Free access is for personal use only and should not be posted online.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What the research says<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research on the efficacy of early-in-life autism supports is still emerging. Studies show mixed results across high (10-15 hrs\/week) and low-intensity (0.5 &#8211; 3 hrs\/week) supports delivered by parents and clinicians. All studies aim to teach caregiving skills for social and joint engagement through play and other activities. Results show improvements in caregiving domains, infant proximal behaviors, and interactive styles for caregivers. In contrast, infant autism domains show minimal changes <\/span><b>(13:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. One pilot study of the Infant Start has been published. Overall, caregivers shared positive perspectives on content and delivery techniques, and infant vulnerability around social characteristics diminished over time compared to families that did not participate <\/span><b>(11:40)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vismara posits that the cumulative benefits of small initial changes in interaction become more apparent over time, meaning the full impact of these interventions cannot yet be measured. However, these studies provide an opportunity to understand the acceptability of these support mechanisms from diverse caregiver perspectives, which will allow for the creation of individualized, culturally aligned support systems <\/span><b>(15:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-014-2202-y\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Autism Treatment in the First Year of Life: A Pilot Study of Infant Start, a Parent-Implemented Intervention for Symptomatic Infants<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Rogers et al., 2014)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/13623613241262077\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Autistic and autism community perspectives on infant and family support in the first two years of life: Findings from a community consultation survey<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Bent et al., 2024)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/content\/journals\/10.1146\/annurev-devpsych-120621-042753\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Developmental Social Neuroscience Perspective on Infant Autism Interventions<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Dawson et al., 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/aur.3217\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feasibility and acceptability of a caregiver-mediated early support program, delivered online, for infants at elevated familial likelihood for autism: A feasibility randomized controlled trial<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Meera et al., 2024)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-023-06139-8\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Earlier, the Better? An In-Depth Interview Study on the Ethics of Early Detection with Parents of Children at an Elevated Likelihood for Autism<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Jan-Vanaken et al., 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/13623613211050433\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preemptive interventions for infants and toddlers with a high likelihood for autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Hampton et al., 2021)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/aur.2924\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Efficacy of very early interventions on neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants and toddlers at increased likelihood of or diagnosed with autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(McGlade et al., 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-021-05148-9\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parent-Mediated Interventions for Infants under 24 Months at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Law et al., 2022)<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Infant learning characteristics<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The presenter emphasizes that babies come ready to explore, learn, and respond just as caregivers have intuitive skills to nurture, love, and protect. Both shape and influence the others\u2019 actions, resulting in a communication \u201cdance\u201d of synchronized rhythmic steps and movements. No matter who is leading, both sides must be aware of the other and sensitive to each other\u2019s movements and what they mean <\/span><b>(17:55)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. When there is a \u201cmisstep,\u201d the dance may stop, and working to regain that attention and engagement is where the Early Start Manual comes in. Vismara outlines six (6) infant learning characteristics, how they present in infants, and how to strengthen caregiver-baby social interactions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Attentional flexibility<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Attentional flexibility refers to babies&#8217; ability to pay attention to people, objects, and experiences that they find interesting, even when there are distractions. Babies do this when they pick up and explore objects, move from one toy to the next, watch people doing things, or shift focus when something new is introduced <\/span><b>(20:25)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Attentional flexibility helps babies gather information, build on their learning experiences, and filter out distractions to stay on task.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The speaker provides play recommendations for supporting attentional flexibility <\/span><b>(23:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. She suggests offering toys or materials that encourage exploration and interactive play. Holding pieces to your face and naming or commenting about them before you give them to the baby can help them orient your voice to your face. She suggests helping babies complete goals, adding playful sounds, hand gestures, or body movements to help call attention back to you, and giving babies choices for which objects they want to play with <\/span><b>(25:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Object use<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Babies are naturally curious about objects, and playing with them allows them to explore, try out new behaviors, express ideas, and receive feedback. Vismara explains that babies develop play through patterns of repeated actions, called schemas, which are constantly changing and overlapping <\/span><b>(27:10)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. During play, she suggests taking turns with the same object(s) to create a back-and-forth dance (baby does, you do &#8211; repeat) which encourages skill adoption and lets babies know that you are part of the activity\/conversation. It is also helpful to be face-to-face during play, to set up toys and spaces in visually clear ways that are not over-stimulating, and to follow babies\u2019 play before leading with your own <\/span><b>(29:10)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The speaker provides a resource table with play schema definitions and ideas <\/span><b>(31:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Prelinguistic development<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vismara explains that baby communication begins with crying, which lets caregivers know the baby is hungry, uncomfortable, or upset. This quickly develops into \u201ctalking bodies\u201d communication, where babies use their facial expressions, bodies, actions, and gestures to communicate in many different ways <\/span><b>(33:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. We chat back to babies when we name and describe things, hold or point to things, copy sounds and expressions, and add silly sounds, hand gestures, or movements to play routines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To support prelinguistic development, the speaker again suggests playing face-to-face with the baby and talking about everything. Describe what you are doing as you go through routines and make your own \u201ctalking body\u201d stand out to babies with playful sounds and exaggerated facial expressions and movements <\/span><b>(34:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It is important to give babies time to respond and for you to put words to their communication methods <\/span><b>(35:35)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The presenter shows a resource table with activity ideas for strengthening talking bodies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>Combined, pragmatic communication<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bundling communication behaviors is a critical step in the infant communication journey. Combining face, body, and voice makes communication more efficient and complex, allowing for information retention, skill expansion, and relationship building. Caregivers naturally encourage bundling when we model back-and-forth conversations with babies. For example, when a baby smiles and makes a sound, a caregiver can comment on what excited them <\/span><b>(36:55)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Vismara suggests giving babies time to think of what they want to say and going with the communication methods that the baby is naturally using. The speaker suggests starting with any two bundles (voice and body, face and voice, etc.) and being flexible, remembering you can always try again later. She warns against holding out for specific communication bundles and underscores working with the babies\u2019 strengths <\/span><b>(39:30)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The speaker provides another resource table on encouraging bundling through daily routines.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Speech<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baby babbling is a universal aspect of early speech development that unfolds across several stages and serves as a stepping stone to first words. Babbling is a continuous string of sounds that express babies\u2019 emotions and desire to talk. They often mimic words and language qualities such as tone, pitch, and accent <\/span><b>(42:25)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. To support speech development, Vismara suggests talking to babies and then pausing for them to listen and respond. It\u2019s essential to interpret the intent of what babies say and to keep the conversation going as long as they wish to babble. Helpful tips include mouthing games, imitating baby, and using props to encourage sounds <\/span><b>(44:45)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The presenter shares a resource table with activities that encourage baby sounds and potential props that you can use to promote conversations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Social attention and engagement<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human beings are born with the need and desire to connect with the people around us. We can see this social-emotional connection through babies\u2019 visual attention to people, desire for attention, and drive to start interactions <\/span><b>(47:30)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Early signs of the social-emotional journey include turning toward familiar faces, turning away when overwhelmed, following faces or objects, and responding to people in their environment. Caregivers can foster this bonding by pausing an activity to cue a response from the baby. For example, hold out a toy, show the play action, and wait for baby to say, \u201cI like this, do it again\u201d (reach, look, smile, move body, make sound) <\/span><b>(50:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The speaker reminds viewers to respect babies\u2019 preferences and that it may take some detective work to find their comfort zone inside activities. It helps to repeat your actions when babies are watching and read their cues for what makes them smile. Tips for finding their comfort zone include changing movement pace, adjusting voice and animation, and moving closer or backing up until they feel comfortable. Once you find their smile, create a predictable routine for setting up the fun and pausing for a reaction from the baby before continuing the action <\/span><b>(51:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Tips for baby learning<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The presenter reminds viewers to build on babies\u2019 interests and experiences with other ideas only after you can follow their play patterns. Building on their preferences can include showing different ways to play with their favorite toys, increasing interaction, and introducing new toys and songs they may like. She notes that not all ideas are winners on the first try but that bridging their interests with new ideas will create understanding and participation through which their skills can expand. Vismara underscores the importance of active play and urges caregivers to expand their involvement in baby interactions <\/span><b>(54:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The speaker reiterates that the Infant Start Model is about supporting families with programs and resources that build off of dynamic, authentic early learning experiences. She asserts the need for researchers, families, and clinicians to think deeply about what early autism care looks like and to listen intently to what families are telling us to create collaborative, culturally-informed strategies <\/span><b>(55:41)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Vismara provides links to manuals, videos, and other resources as well as an Infant Start workshop for professionals <\/span><b>(58:55)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Originally posted on October 8, 2024<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:80px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:13.3333%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"jump\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p><strong>The speaker:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload  wp-image-11870 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/vismara.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/vismara.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27108%27%20height%3D%27108%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20108%20108%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27108%27%20height%3D%27108%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/vismara-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/vismara-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/vismara-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/vismara-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/vismara-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/vismara.jpg 474w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 108px) 100vw, 108px\" \/>Laurie A. Vismara, Ph.D., BCBA-D, is a therapist and researcher in early autism intervention. She has spent the last 20 years contributing to the science and program development of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), named by\u00a0<em>Time<\/em> magazine as one of the top 10 medical breakthroughs for early autism intervention. Over a dozen studies have found the ESDM to be effective and with gains maintained for infants and toddlers with or at risk of autism who have a wide range of learning styles and abilities.\u00a0Dr. Vismara uses telehealth platforms and travels throughout the United States, Canada, and other countries to help publicly funded intervention programs and families develop the ESDM in their communities. Her coauthored book,\u00a0<em>An Early Start for Your Child with Autism: Using Everyday Activities to Help Kids Connect, Communicate, and Learn<\/em>, covers practical strategies and tips to help families use the ESDM at home. Her second book,\u00a0<em>Coaching Parents of Young Children with Autism<\/em>, helps early intervention providers coach and empower families in the ESDM.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h4>Take the knowledge quiz<\/h4>\n<p>Can&#8217;t see the quiz below? 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class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-recent-posts fusion-recent-posts-1 avada-container layout-default layout-columns-3\"><section class=\"fusion-columns columns fusion-columns-3 columns-3\"><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/health-nutrition\/\" aria-label=\"Autism Health and Nutrition\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"204\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/nurition-research.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Young female nutritionist testing food samples in laboratory\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27204%27%20height%3D%27200%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20204%20200%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27204%27%20height%3D%27200%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/nurition-research.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/nurition-research-66x66.jpeg 66w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/nurition-research-200x196.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/nurition-research.jpeg 204w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-21T10:23:52-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/health-nutrition\/\">Autism Health and Nutrition<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-21T10:23:52-05:00<\/span><span>October 24th, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/anxiety-2\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Anxiety<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/gastrointestinal-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Gastrointestinal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/medical-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Medical Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/nutrition\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Nutrition<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/self-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Self Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/sensory\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Sensory<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>  Kelly Barnhill, MBA, CN, CCN, discusses nutrition in autism based on recent publications. She outlines research updates on amino acid patterns, probiotics, and dietary interventions, underscoring both what we know and what we<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/disordered-eating-obesity\/\" aria-label=\"Disordered Eating and Autism &#8211; Obesity\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Eating-disorders.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"A female doctor or a medical specialist asks a patient about abdominal pain, dysentery from eating disorders. Unclean, undercooked, causing pain. The concept of rejuvenation therapy, treatment\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27266%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20400%20266%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27266%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Eating-disorders.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Eating-disorders-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Eating-disorders-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Eating-disorders.jpg 400w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-09-11T12:49:35-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/disordered-eating-obesity\/\">Disordered Eating and Autism &#8211; Obesity<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-09-11T12:49:35-05:00<\/span><span>July 1st, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/autism-spectrum-disorders\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Autism Spectrum Disorders<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/biomarkers\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Biomarkers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/gastrointestinal-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Gastrointestinal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/gastrointestinal\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Gastrointestinal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/medical-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Medical Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/parenting\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Parenting<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/self-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Self Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/autism-spectrum-disorders\/ways-to-help\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Ways to Help<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   Francesca Solmi, Ph.D., discusses the intricate link between autism and eating disorders. She outlines common eating disorders, noting their overlapping symptoms and similarities to autism traits. The speaker explores potential mechanisms for<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/food-adverse-reaction-and-intestinal-microbiota\/\" aria-label=\"Food Adverse Reaction and Intestinal Microbiota\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/gut-microbiome-again-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Black and white drawing for human torso with multicolored bacteria and yeasts in digestive tract\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271706%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201706%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271706%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/gut-microbiome-again-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/gut-microbiome-again-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/gut-microbiome-again-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-10-14T14:54:54-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/food-adverse-reaction-and-intestinal-microbiota\/\">Food Adverse Reaction and Intestinal Microbiota<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-10-14T14:54:54-05:00<\/span><span>September 10th, 2024<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/gastrointestinal\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Gastrointestinal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/gastrointestinal-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Gastrointestinal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/nutrition\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Nutrition<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/wao\/\" rel=\"category tag\">WAO<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>     This is a joint presentation by ARI and the World Autism Organisation.  Professor Carmelo Rizzo, MD, discusses adverse reactions to food and the critical role of intestinal microbiota in<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/vitd-gut-alterations-in-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Animal study reveals clues that developmental vitamin D deficiency may be associated with gut alterations in autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/vit-d-paid-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Hand holding up the words &quot;vitamin D&quot; on blue sky background with sunshine coming from upper right.\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%272375%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%202375%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%272375%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/vit-d-paid-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/vit-d-paid-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/vit-d-paid-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-04-28T15:44:50-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/vitd-gut-alterations-in-autism\/\">Animal study reveals clues that developmental vitamin D deficiency may be associated with gut alterations in autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-04-28T15:44:50-05:00<\/span><span>September 25th, 2023<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   Vitamin D deficiency is strongly implicated as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and researchers in Australia report evidence that vitamin D deficiency during early development may increase the likelihood<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/food-and-sleep\/\" aria-label=\"Food and Sleep\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Untitled-design-49-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Fruits and vegetables\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271280%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201280%20720%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271280%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Untitled-design-49-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Untitled-design-49-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Untitled-design-49-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-03-24T15:52:36-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/food-and-sleep\/\">Food and Sleep<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-03-24T15:52:36-05:00<\/span><span>March 1st, 2022<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/nutrition\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Nutrition<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/sleep\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Sleep<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/autism-spectrum-disorders\/ways-to-help\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Ways to Help<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>    Vicki Kobliner, RDN, CD-N, describes nutritional and lifestyle strategies for improving sleep and overall health for autistic people. She discusses circadian rhythm and balancing cortisol and melatonin cycles throughout the day.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/preconception-health\/\" aria-label=\"Optimizing Preconception Health Through Nutrition\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"a pregnant woman with a bunny toy on the belly\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271706%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201706%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271706%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-06-05T17:18:41-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/preconception-health\/\">Optimizing Preconception Health Through Nutrition<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2024-06-05T17:18:41-05:00<\/span><span>February 1st, 2022<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/nutrition\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Nutrition<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/parenting-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Parenting<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/prenatal-health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Pregnancy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/self-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Self Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/autism-spectrum-disorders\/ways-to-help\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Ways to Help<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   Vicki Kobliner, MS RDN, CD-N, discusses steps for optimizing preconception health through good nutrition and healthy environments. She discusses the US healthcare systems and statistics and asserts that, although the numbers can<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/section><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5140,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,9698,27,18,20,37,4402,33,19,34,3785,35,9475,24],"tags":[9809,4861,4718,9869,4703,3985,9544],"class_list":["post-18731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-autism-spectrum-disorders","category-early-intervention","category-educational-therapies","category-infants","category-news","category-parenting","category-parenting-webinar","category-prenatal-health","category-research","category-siblings","category-social-skills","category-technology-and-asd","category-ways-to-help","category-webinar","tag-early-childhood","tag-early-childhood-development","tag-early-intervention","tag-edsm","tag-infant","tag-parenting","tag-telehealth-strategies","webinar-author-laurie-vismara-phd"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - 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