{"id":19319,"date":"2025-03-20T15:14:47","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T20:14:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autism.org\/?p=19319"},"modified":"2025-08-25T11:44:52","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T16:44:52","slug":"autism-and-gastrointestinal-comorbidities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autism.org\/autism-and-gastrointestinal-comorbidities\/","title":{"rendered":"Autism and Gastrointestinal Comorbidities &#8211; Research Updates"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:16.666666666667%;width:calc(16.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.16666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:80px;--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#jump\">Mojdeh Mostafavi, MD<\/a>, describes gastrointestinal conditions commonly seen in individuals with autism, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Eosinophilic GI disease (EGID), avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBI), and constipation. She outlines recent research on the prevalence of these conditions in people with autism, emphasizing the complexities of symptom presentation, drivers, and care. The speaker provides a free social story for endoscopies and considers the relationship between pain expression and GI conditions. Mostafavi discusses the difficulties of transitioning from pediatric to adult healthcare in autism. She summarizes the presentation before the Q&amp;A. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Handouts are available <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/mostafavi_GI.pdf\">HERE<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20048084\/\">Recommendations for evaluation and treatment of common gastrointestinal problems in children with ASDs &#8211; PubMed<\/a> (article discussed during the talk)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/understanding-and-treating-self-injury-book\/\">Understanding and Treating Self-Injury Book<\/a> (book mentioned during the talk)<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube fusion-aligncenter\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:360px;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:60%;\" ><iframe title=\"YouTube video player 1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XJ40pif6tlo?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;\"><h2><strong>In this webinar:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1:10<\/strong> &#8211; Introduction, disclosures, language preferences<br \/>\n<strong>2:35<\/strong> &#8211; Autism and gastrointestinal conditions<br \/>\n<strong>10:20<\/strong> &#8211; Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)<br \/>\n<strong>14:10<\/strong> &#8211; Inflammatory bowel disease<br \/>\n<strong>18:00<\/strong> &#8211; Eosinophilic GI disease (EGID)<br \/>\n<strong>22:10<\/strong> &#8211; Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)<br \/>\n<strong>27:15<\/strong> &#8211; Disorders of the gut brain interaction (DGBI)<br \/>\n<strong>33:00<\/strong> &#8211; ASD and constipation<br \/>\n<strong>37:00<\/strong> &#8211; Resources and tips<br \/>\n<strong>46:20<\/strong> &#8211; Conclusion<br \/>\n<strong>48:00<\/strong> &#8211; Q&amp;A<\/p>\n<h2><b>Autism and GI conditions<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mostafavi defines autism and lists common co-occurring conditions, including seizures, psychiatric disorders, and gastrointestinal (GI) conditions <\/span><b>(2:35)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. She notes that between ~40% &#8211; 70% of children with autism have GI symptoms with a significantly higher lifetime prevalence and that measurement tools don&#8217;t capture all GI symptoms <\/span><b>(5:30)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The most common GI complaints reported by autistic people are constipation, abdominal pain, feeding difficulties, encopresis, and weight loss\/failure to thrive <\/span><b>(8:40)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The speaker underscores the importance of defining these conditions in autism and discusses some of the most common co-occurring GI conditions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/jrnldbp\/abstract\/2011\/06000\/the_prevalence_of_gastrointestinal_problems_in.1.aspx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Problems in Children Across the United States With Autism Spectrum Disorders From Families With Multiple Affected Members<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Wang et al., 2011)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-abstract\/133\/5\/872\/81578\/Gastrointestinal-Symptoms-in-Autism-Spectrum\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (McElhanon, 2014)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0887899408003512\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and Language Regression<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Valicenti-McDermott et al., 2008)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06318-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Characterization of Initial Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Descriptive Study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Mostafavi et al., 2024)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid refluxes into the esophagus. This is one of the better-understood GI conditions in autism. Mostafavi outlines a recent study that found that people with autism have a higher risk of developing erosive esophagitis and esophageal ulcers compared to non-autistic groups <\/span><b>(10:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. She remarks that acid-blocking medications can mitigate some risk and describes the BRAVO wireless and nasal probe tests for GERD <\/span><b>(10:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35830732\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evaluation of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children on the Autism Spectrum: A Study Evaluating the Tolerance and Utility of the BRAVO Wireless pH Monitoring<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Rodriguez et al., 2022)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Inflammatory bowel disease<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is broadly characterized by Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis, which are caused by inflammation of the GI tract. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis (6 studies, 11 million participants) found an association between autism and the later development of IBD. Mostafavi notes that children with autism often have more potent treatments (second-tier biologics) for GI conditions compared to non-autistic children with GI issues, underscoring their severity in autism <\/span><b>(14:10)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-017-3409-5\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Association of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Disease<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Lee et al., 2018)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Eosinophilic GI disease (EGID)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eosinophilic GI disease (EGID) looks at the entire GI tract and is associated with an imbalance in the immune system potentially related to food sensitivities. Over time, complications can include fibrosis and eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE). The speaker outlines a recent systematic review and meta-analysis (6 studies, +700,000 participants), which revealed an association between autism and EGID, where the prevalence of autism in the EGID population is 21.59% <\/span><b>(18:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is related to at least one of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fear of consequences (symptoms that the food triggers)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sensory aversion<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lack of interest\/awareness of appetite cues\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID is not related to body appearance. Mostafavi notes inadequate caloric intake and deficiencies in micronutrients and vitamins as concerns associated with ARFID. Recent research shows a significant relationship between autism and ARFID, and sensory issues are the most commonly described driver <\/span><b>(22:10)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The presenter suggests trying treatments like oral desensitization and pairing foods and asserts that applying what works in other intervention spheres to ARFID may be possible <\/span><b>(25:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/eat.24369\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Co-Occurrence of Autism and Avoidant\/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): A Prevalence-Based Meta-Analysis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Sader et al., 2024)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/dmcn.15139\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder and severe food selectivity in children and young people with autism: A scoping review<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Bourne et al., 2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Disorders of the gut brain interaction (DGBI)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The gut-brain access involves both nervous systems; many neurotransmitters are produced in our guts. Mostagavi asserts that just because labs come back negative does not mean that GI symptoms are not real because there is no specific test for DGBI <\/span><b>(27:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A retrospective study found that nearly one-third of participants seen through an autism-specific clinic experienced functional GI conditions. The speaker underscores how difficult pain localization can be for people with autism due to complications with interoception <\/span><b>(31:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/psychiatry\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00179\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Functional Gastrointestinal Disease in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Descriptive Study in a Clinical Sample<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Penzol et al., 2019)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06318-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Characterization of Initial Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Descriptive Study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Mostafavi et al., 2024)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Autism and constipation<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Constipation is one of the most reported GI symptoms associated with autism. However, chronic constipation does not seem to be associated with a higher rate of abnormal colonic motility in autism. Mostafavi outlines research showing that children with autism are more likely to visit the ER and be admitted to the hospital for constipation-related issues compared to children with other or no chronic conditions. This significantly increases healthcare costs and utilization, increasing the chances of poor quality or lack of treatment <\/span><b>(33:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36705696\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evaluation of Chronic Constipation in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Coe et al., 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Resources and tips<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The presenter notes a 2010 article published in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pediatrics <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as a good reference for GI issues in autism. The article talks about constipation, guidelines for evaluation in patients with high-risk, mitochondrial conditions, and medication <\/span><b>(37:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Mostafavi suggests using a joint provider who can obtain information on health history, blood and stool work, imaging studies, etc., to compile a complete picture of drivers and symptoms <\/span><b>(38:15)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Endoscopies can be particularly helpful in assessing GI disturbances in autism and Mostafavi provides a free endoscopy social story available in English, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Arabic, and Haitian Creole <\/span><b>(40:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Access Google Drive with social story documents &#8211;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/endoscopysocialstory\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/endoscopysocialstory<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The speaker highlights that many behavior issues in autism are associated with pain, like irritability, oppositional behavior, meltdowns, and more. She notes the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding and Treating Challenging Behaviors in Autism<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> book and how it describes causes of aggression and self-injurious behavior (SIB) in autism as having both physiological and social\/behavioral causes. She lists pain behaviors that are often misinterpreted, highlighting that people can demonstrate one or many forms of behavior across different contexts <\/span><b>(41:55)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Mostafavi touches on the transition from pediatric to adult care and how difficult it can be for autistic people to acquire the necessary care and support <\/span><b>(44:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Summary<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The speaker summarizes the presentation, highlighting that the majority of people with autism have associated GI-related symptoms or conditions, the most common of which are DCBI, GERD, IBD, EGID, and ARFID. She emphasizes the importance of comprehensive evaluation with guidance from a gastroenterologist where necessary. Mostafavi reminds viewers that children with autism become autistic adults with similar care needs <\/span><b>(46:20)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. She notes the ongoing complexities of discourse around the association between GI issues and autism before the Q&amp;A <\/span><b>(48:00)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Originally published on March 4, 2025.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:16.666666666667%;width:calc(16.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.16666666666667 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"jump\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><strong>About the speaker:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignleft wp-image-19314 \" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Mojdeh-Mostafavi-Portrait-214x300.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Mojdeh-Mostafavi-Portrait-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"86\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%2786%27%20height%3D%27120%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2086%20120%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%2786%27%20height%3D%27120%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Mojdeh-Mostafavi-Portrait-200x280.jpg 200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Mojdeh-Mostafavi-Portrait-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Mojdeh-Mostafavi-Portrait-400x560.jpg 400w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Mojdeh-Mostafavi-Portrait-600x840.jpg 600w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Mojdeh-Mostafavi-Portrait-731x1024.jpg 731w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Mojdeh-Mostafavi-Portrait.jpg 750w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 86px) 100vw, 86px\" \/><strong>Mojdeh Mostafavi, MD <\/strong>is a dual-trained internist and pediatrician currently pursuing a pediatric fellowship in gastroenterology at Mass General Hospital for Children. With a profound personal connection to autism through her brother, Dr. Mostafavi\u2019s dedication to advancing autism care is driven by her commitment to equitable healthcare and her expertise in integrating behavioral theory. Her passion lies in providing care across the lifespan, reflecting her belief in how today&#8217;s actions shape future experiences. Her work exemplifies a deep commitment to enhancing access and quality of care for all individuals, particularly those affected by autism.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h4>Take the knowledge quiz<\/h4>\n<p>Can&#8217;t see the quiz below? 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srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271350%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201350%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271350%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/AdobeStock_416761381-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/AdobeStock_416761381-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/AdobeStock_416761381-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-25T15:01:19-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/emerging-research-on-autism-rates-and-covid\/\">Emerging Research on Autism Rates and Covid<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-25T15:01:19-05:00<\/span><span>April 22nd, 2026<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/covid-19\/\" rel=\"category tag\">COVID-19<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/immune-issues\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Immune Issues<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/medical-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Medical Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/neurological\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Neurological<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/parenting\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Parenting<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/prenatal-health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Pregnancy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>  Free webinar at 1:00 p.m. Eastern time (US), April 22, 2026 Tune in to hear about the Columbia University COVID-19 Mother Baby Outcomes Initiative (COMBO), which resulted in the first report demonstrating that<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/using-machine-learning-for-biomarker-discovery\/\" aria-label=\"Towards the Development of a Diagnostic Test for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Data Science Meets Metabolomics\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/AdobeStock_209628810-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Biomarkers DNA image\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271706%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201706%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271706%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/AdobeStock_209628810-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/AdobeStock_209628810-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/AdobeStock_209628810-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-02-23T14:18:06-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/using-machine-learning-for-biomarker-discovery\/\">Towards the Development of a Diagnostic Test for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Data Science Meets Metabolomics<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-02-23T14:18:06-05:00<\/span><span>February 10th, 2026<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/biomarkers\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Biomarkers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/genetics\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Genetics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/immune-issues\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Immune Issues<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/medical-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Medical Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/neurological\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Neurological<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>      Hear Juergen Hahn, Ph.D., ARI Scientific Advisory Board member, discuss how using machine learning can lead to biomarker discoveries in autism research. Handouts are online HERE   <\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/disparities-in-autism-ascertainment-in-black-children\/\" aria-label=\"Disparities in Autism Ascertainment in Black Children\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/AdobeStock_243113653-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Happy black family laughing playing with children at home, cheerful african american parents tickling 2 mixed race kids having fun on couch, mom dad with little son daughter enjoying funny activity\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271707%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201707%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271707%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/AdobeStock_243113653-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/AdobeStock_243113653-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/AdobeStock_243113653-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-01-21T17:41:49-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/disparities-in-autism-ascertainment-in-black-children\/\">Disparities in Autism Ascertainment in Black Children<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-01-21T17:41:49-05:00<\/span><span>January 21st, 2026<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/environmental-factors\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Environmental Factors<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/medical-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Medical Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/parenting\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Parenting<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>    Handouts are available HERE You can access the ongoing study Dr. Dickerson discusses during the Q&amp;A HERE  Learn about disparities in autism ascertainment in Black children and accessible treatment models<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/five-underappreciated-nutrients\/\" aria-label=\"Nutrition Research Updates: Five Underappreciated Nutrients that Neurodivergent Kids May Be Missing\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/AdobeStock_159462072-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Balanced diet food background. Organic food for healthy nutrition. Ingredients for cooking. Food assortment.\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271829%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201829%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271829%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/AdobeStock_159462072-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/AdobeStock_159462072-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/AdobeStock_159462072-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-01-14T16:00:35-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/five-underappreciated-nutrients\/\">Nutrition Research Updates: Five Underappreciated Nutrients that Neurodivergent Kids May Be Missing<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-01-14T16:00:35-05:00<\/span><span>January 13th, 2026<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/biomarkers\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Biomarkers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/gastrointestinal\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Gastrointestinal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/medical-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Medical Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>     Vicki Kobliner, MS, RDN, reviews current nutrition research and shares practical strategies to support the health of neurodivergent children.Handouts are online HERE      About the speaker:<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/nourishing-the-brain\/\" aria-label=\"Nourishing the Brain: How Targeted Nutrition Can Transform Outcomes in Autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/AdobeStock_234241545-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Selection of healthy food. Superfoods, various fruits and assorted berries, nuts and seeds.\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271707%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201707%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271707%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/AdobeStock_234241545-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/AdobeStock_234241545-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/AdobeStock_234241545-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-20T11:24:32-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/nourishing-the-brain\/\">Nourishing the Brain: How Targeted Nutrition Can Transform Outcomes in Autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-20T11:24:32-05:00<\/span><span>November 19th, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/biomarkers\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Biomarkers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/gastrointestinal\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Gastrointestinal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/medical-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Medical Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   You can take the knowledge quiz HERE Handouts are available HERE List of referenced nutrient deficient studies available HERE     If you're a parent searching for answers beyond standard<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/assert-learning-community\/\" aria-label=\"All StakeholderS Engaged in Research Together\u2014the ASSERT learning community\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/collaborate-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271709%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201709%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271709%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/collaborate-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/collaborate-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/collaborate-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-05T14:41:09-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/assert-learning-community\/\">All StakeholderS Engaged in Research Together\u2014the ASSERT learning community<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-05T14:41:09-05:00<\/span><span>November 4th, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/adults-on-the-spectrum\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Adults on the Spectrum<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/medical-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Medical Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>         The ASSERT: All StakeholderS Engaged in Research Together project seeks to engage people on the autism spectrum, with Down syndrome, or with other intellectual or developmental<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/section><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":16055,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9449,85,26,9651,3790,20,25,3933,5199,9451,3779,3783,24],"tags":[2813,3534,3193,4350,3800,4895,3801,9873,3085,3467],"class_list":["post-19319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anxiety-2","category-gastrointestinal-webinar","category-health","category-medical-care","category-meltdowns","category-news","category-nutrition","category-research-webinar","category-self-care","category-self-injury-2","category-self-injury","category-sensory","category-webinar","tag-autism-research","tag-behavior","tag-diet","tag-gastroenterology","tag-gastrointestinal","tag-gastrointestinal-issues","tag-gi","tag-mostafavi","tag-nutrition","tag-treatment","webinar-author-mojdeh-mostafavi-md"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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