{"id":5789,"date":"2019-06-24T23:48:39","date_gmt":"2019-06-25T04:48:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/last-drum.flywheelsites.com\/?p=5789"},"modified":"2024-09-11T10:43:48","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T15:43:48","slug":"large-scale-studies-autism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autism.org\/large-scale-studies-autism\/","title":{"rendered":"Editorial &#8211; Large-Scale Studies in Autism: What do They Show?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#f8f8f8;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1315.6px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:left;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #5d5f64;\">This editorial originally appeared in ARI\u2019s <em>Autism Research Review International \u2013 <\/em>now available online. Visit the ARRI Online to continue reading this issue and more.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arrionline.org\"><i class=\"fa-share fas button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Visit the ARRI Online<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:16.666666666667%;width:calc(16.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.16666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignleft wp-image-10953 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/sedelson3-1-150x150.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/sedelson3-1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27150%27%20height%3D%27150%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20150%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27150%27%20height%3D%27150%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/sedelson3-1-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/sedelson3-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/sedelson3-1-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/sedelson3-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/sedelson3-1.jpg 400w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>Over the past decade, many studies have documented substantial impairments in the gastrointestinal (GI), immunological, and metabolic systems of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Although this is well known among researchers in the autism biomedical field, many other professionals have yet to acknowledge the high rate of these medical comorbidities.<\/p>\n<p>The lack of awareness of medical symptoms associated with autism is partly due to the poor lines of communication among researchers, clinicians, and therapists in the autism and general medical communities. Another reason for it, which is the theme of this editorial, is that many professionals are unaware of the findings of large-scale research studies, which are a core component of scientific investigation.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element in-legacy-container\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" alt=\"Doctor analyzing data and conducting research in a lab setting\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_201606425.jpeg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_201606425.jpeg\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-5799\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271440%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201440%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271440%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_201606425-200x113.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_201606425-400x225.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_201606425-600x338.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_201606425-800x450.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_201606425-1200x675.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_201606425.jpeg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>Most of the research documenting gastrointestinal, immune, and metabolic impairments in ASD has involved small-to-moderate sample sizes. However, in the past few years, numerous large-scale studies have documented high rates of medical problems in individuals with autism as compared to the general population. Some of these medical problems have also been shown to be highly related to challenging behaviors. A brief summary of several of these studies is described below.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In a study of 300,000 children in the United States, children with ASD were 60% more likely to suffer from irritable bowel disease than neurotypical controls (<em>Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders<\/em>, 2018)<\/li>\n<li>A meta-analysis, which combines and re-analyzes the data from previously published studies, revealed that children with autism were four times more likely to experience gastrointestinal complaints as compared to controls (<em>Pediatrics<\/em>, 2014).<\/li>\n<li>Based on 17 items on a questionnaire filled out by 131 parents of children with ASD, pediatric gastroenterologists were able to correctly identify GI problems in 84% of the children (<em>Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders<\/em>, 2018).<\/li>\n<li>A study involving 522 children with ASD and 703 controls revealed that the children with ASD were 75% more likely to suffer from sleep problems than controls (<em>Pediatrics<\/em>, 2019).<\/li>\n<li>Researchers found a strong correlation between sleep problems and aggression in 1,045 children with ASD (<em>Research in Developmental Disabilities<\/em>, 2018).<\/li>\n<li>A moderate-size study involving 81 children with ASD found that sleep problems were associated with aggression, irritability, inattention, and hyperactivity (<em>Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders<\/em>, 2016).<\/li>\n<li>A study examining the U.S. National Health Interview Survey database analyzed data from 1,868 children with ASD and 197,652 controls. Children with ASD were 7% more likely to suffer from food, respiratory, and skin allergies than controls (<em>JAMA Network Open<\/em>, 2018).<\/li>\n<li>Researchers using the National Survey of Children\u2019s Health database studied the prevalence of obesity in autism. Obesity is related directly or indirectly to GI function, immunology, and metabolism. Analyzing data on 875,963 teenagers with ASD and 31,913,657 controls, the researchers found that the individuals with ASD were 7% more likely to be obese than controls (<em>Autism<\/em>, 2018).<\/li>\n<li>A study examined the prevalence rate of obesity in 5,053 children with ASD who were between two and 17 years of age. Thirty-five percent of them were overweight, and 18% were obese (<em>Pediatrics<\/em>, 2015).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Another important component of scientific investigation is referred to as <em>converging operations<\/em>. This means that researchers study a phenomenon in many different ways, providing support to a hypothesis from a multitude of perspectives. Over the past decade, hundreds of studies have investigated medical problems associated with autism, using numerous sample sizes, experimental designs, and assessment measures. Such studies overwhelmingly indicate the presence of several common medical comorbidities in autism, and some of these comorbidities are related to challenging behaviors.<\/p>\n<p>Given the frequent association of medical symptoms with autism, standardized diagnostic assessments (e.g., ADOS-2, ADI-R) and medical evaluations (conducted by pediatricians) should address these common symptoms. If any medical comorbidity is suspected, standard practice should include a referral to a specialist.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding treatment of medical comorbidities, there are many small-to-moderate studies published and underway.\u00a0 However, at this time, only two medical interventions are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and they are both psychiatric drugs:\u00a0 risperidone (Risperdal) and aripiprazole (Abilify).\u00a0 There are no FDA-approved interventions to treat common medical problems in autism, such as GI, immune, or metabolic dysfunction. Physicians should consider, at the very least, prescribing treatments that have already been standardized for the general population.<\/p>\n<p>One note: Based on many clinical reports, doctors should take caution regarding medication doses. Some individuals with ASD are sensitive to certain medications and, as a result, tend to overreact when given a recommended dose. The opposite effect can also occur, with individuals requiring more than the suggested dose in order to show a response. It would be advisable to start low and increase slowly when prescribing medications.<\/p>\n<p>The fact that individuals with autism often suffer from medical comorbidities should no longer be considered questionable. Professional licensing organizations should require professional training (e.g., CME) about these medical conditions in order to ensure that providers offer patients with ASD optimal care. (Note: ARI offers, in joint providership with the Cleveland Clinic, complimentary AMA PRA Category 1 Credit\u2122 to physicians and the general public.)<\/p>\n<p>Finally, funding agencies should focus more of their attention on supporting research on GI, immunological, and metabolic problems in ASD. They should do this by financing multidisciplinary (i.e., medical, sensory, behavioral) studies.<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, our knowledge about the role of comorbid medical problems in ASD has expanded rapidly. Now it is time for us to translate this knowledge into state-of-the-art research and more effective treatment options, so individuals with ASD can get the help they need.<b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D.<br \/>\n<\/strong>Executive Director, Autism Research Institute<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b>This editorial is available in PDF format &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/ariconference.com\/enews\/ARRI_large_scale_studies.pdf\">Download Here<\/a><br \/>\nIt appeared in <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/subscribe\/\"><em>Autism Research Review International, <\/em><\/a><em>Vol. 33, No. 2, 2019<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:16.666666666667%;width:calc(16.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.16666666666667 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background 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fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-recent-posts fusion-recent-posts-1 avada-container layout-default layout-columns-3\"><section class=\"fusion-columns columns fusion-columns-3 columns-3\"><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-what-we-breathe-matters-rethinking-air-pollution-and-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Editorial: What we breathe matters &#8211; Rethinking air pollution and autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Cars stuck in a traffic jam on a busy road\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271817%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201817%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271817%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/exhaust-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-09T15:09:40-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-what-we-breathe-matters-rethinking-air-pollution-and-autism\/\">Editorial: What we breathe matters &#8211; Rethinking air pollution and autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-09T15:09:40-05:00<\/span><span>March 9th, 2026<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   For nearly sixty years, the Autism Research Institute (ARI) has tried to understand autism by looking beyond surface behaviors and asking deeper biological questions. From the beginning, Bernard Rimland challenged the dominant<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-invisible-threats-the-role-of-environmental-toxins-in-autism\/\" aria-label=\"Editorial: Invisible threats &#8211; the role of environmental toxins in autism\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"different toxins\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271280%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201280%20720%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271280%27%20height%3D%27720%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Untitled-design-48-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-24T14:39:51-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-invisible-threats-the-role-of-environmental-toxins-in-autism\/\">Editorial: Invisible threats &#8211; the role of environmental toxins in autism<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-24T14:39:51-05:00<\/span><span>November 21st, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/uncategorized\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Uncategorized<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   As our knowledge about autism continues to evolve, so does our understanding of its root causes. For many years, professionals blamed \u201crefrigerator parents\u201d and prescribed psychoanalytic therapy. Once the psychogenic theory was<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/aris-2025-impact\/\" aria-label=\"ARI&#8217;s 2025 Impact\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"368\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27883%27%20height%3D%27368%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20883%20368%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27883%27%20height%3D%27368%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2025-accomplishments-logo-700x368.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-26T15:13:47-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/aris-2025-impact\/\">ARI&#8217;s 2025 Impact<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/autismadmin\/\" title=\"Posts by autismAdmin\" rel=\"author\">autismAdmin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2026-03-26T15:13:47-05:00<\/span><span>November 17th, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>  Advocating for Independent Research and Education For nearly six decades, ARI has funded groundbreaking research, expanded educational initiatives, and brought clinicians and scientists together worldwide. Yet researchers and clinicians continue to face unprecedented<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/growing-focus-on-autistic-seniors\/\" aria-label=\"Editorial: Navigating New Territory &#8211; The Growing Focus on Autistic Seniors\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/IMG_7709-scaled-e1757607275433-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271920%27%20height%3D%272044%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201920%202044%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271920%27%20height%3D%272044%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/IMG_7709-scaled-e1757607275433-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/IMG_7709-scaled-e1757607275433-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/IMG_7709-scaled-e1757607275433-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-09-11T11:27:18-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/growing-focus-on-autistic-seniors\/\">Editorial: Navigating New Territory &#8211; The Growing Focus on Autistic Seniors<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-09-11T11:27:18-05:00<\/span><span>September 10th, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/uncategorized\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Uncategorized<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   This editorial originally appeared in ARI\u2019s Autism Research Review International \u2013 now available online. Visit the ARRI Online to continue reading this issue and more. VISIT THE ARRI ONLINE   <\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/understanding-and-supporting-puberty\/\" aria-label=\"Understanding and Supporting Puberty in Autistic Girls and Boys\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/paid-teens-700x441.jpg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"Diverse Teens Hands Star Concept\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271709%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201709%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271709%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/paid-teens-700x441.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/paid-teens-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/paid-teens-700x441.jpg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-09-11T12:52:59-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/understanding-and-supporting-puberty\/\">Understanding and Supporting Puberty in Autistic Girls and Boys<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-09-11T12:52:59-05:00<\/span><span>August 28th, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/gender\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Gender<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/health\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Health<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/medical-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Medical Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/parenting-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Parenting<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/research\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/research-webinar\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Research<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/self-care\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Self Care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/sexuality\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Sexuality<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/webinar\/social-skills\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Social Skills<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/webinars\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Webinar<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   Blythe A. Corbett, Ph.D., discusses her lab's research on puberty, adolescence, and mental health in autistic individuals. She emphasizes puberty as a period of significant biological maturation involving several physical, biological, hormonal,<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"post fusion-column column col col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flexslider fusion-flexslider-loading flexslider flexslider-hover-type-none\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-autism-and-dementia-and-alzheimers-disease\/\" aria-label=\"Editorial: Autism and Dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease\" class=\"hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/adult-faces-700x441.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-recent-posts size-recent-posts lazyload\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271280%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202560%201280%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272560%27%20height%3D%271280%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/adult-faces-700x441.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/adult-faces-320x202.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/adult-faces-700x441.jpeg 700w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"recent-posts-content\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-21T13:16:50-05:00<\/span><h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/editorial-autism-and-dementia-and-alzheimers-disease\/\">Editorial: Autism and Dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease<\/a><\/h4><p class=\"meta\"><span class=\"vcard\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/author\/melanie\/\" title=\"Posts by Melanie Glock\" rel=\"author\">Melanie Glock<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated\" style=\"display:none;\">2025-11-21T13:16:50-05:00<\/span><span>June 2nd, 2025<\/span><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/category\/uncategorized\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Uncategorized<\/a><span class=\"fusion-inline-sep\">|<\/span><\/p><p>   This editorial originally appeared in ARI\u2019s Autism Research Review International \u2013 now available online. Visit the ARRI Online to continue reading this issue and more. VISIT THE ARRI ONLINE   <\/p><\/div><\/article><\/section><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":5799,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,1],"tags":[2813,5093,3692,4552,72],"class_list":["post-5789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-uncategorized","tag-autism-research","tag-autism-studies","tag-editorial","tag-medical-comorbidities","tag-research"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Autism&#039;s Complexity: What Studies Suggest | Autism Research Institute<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Disrupted genes &amp; pathways: What large-scale autism research studies on variations in symptoms &amp; genetics suggest about autism&#039;s complexity\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/large-scale-studies-autism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Editorial - Large-Scale Studies in Autism: What do They Show?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Disrupted genes &amp; pathways: What large-scale autism research studies on variations in symptoms &amp; genetics suggest about autism&#039;s complexity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/large-scale-studies-autism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Autism Research Institute\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/autismresearchinstitute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-06-25T04:48:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-11T15:43:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/autism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/AdobeStock_201606425.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"5120\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2880\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Melanie Glock\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ariConference\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ariConference\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Melanie Glock\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/large-scale-studies-autism\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/large-scale-studies-autism\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Melanie Glock\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/autism.org\/#\/schema\/person\/ad26e988cbfed68201ec1c125f98d660\"},\"headline\":\"Editorial &#8211; 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